沐若水电站大坝碾压混凝土石粉掺和料应用研究

沐若水电站大坝为全断面碾压混凝土重力坝,因当地人工砂的细度模数小,石粉含量高,为降低工程造价,合理利用资源,减少对环境的污染,对石粉作为掺和料进行了一系列现场试验研究。结果表明,只要采用合适的加工工艺控制人工砂的石粉含量在27%以下,以内含的方式按砂质量3%~4%的石粉作为掺和料配制碾压混凝土,就完全可以满足设计对碾压混凝土各项性能指标的要求。此项成果已成功应用于工程实际,取得了较好的效果。     

高清数字钻孔电视技术研发及其在水电工程中的应用

 钻孔电视是能直观获得钻孔孔壁原状图像的地球物理方法,高清数字钻孔电视技术采用了先进的时间定时器,改进了光学工艺,加入了人-机互动调色功能的高分辨率摄像头,应用了消除电磁场对图像影响的处理技术,使其具有高精度、高分辨率和高保真度等特点。在某水电站坝址和围堰深厚覆盖层可视化研究中,利用高清数字钻孔电视技术,可清晰地获得钻孔孔壁原状图像,从而有效地查明工区的地质情况,为顺利施工提供技术保障,并为建立“数字化电子岩芯库”奠定了坚实的基础。     

ANALYSIS OF FIRST TRANSIENT PRESSURE OSCILLATION FOR LEAK DETECTION IN A SINGLE PIPELINE

The leak detection is of great importance in the reliable operation and management of a pipeline system. Recently,attention is shifted to the use of the time domain or frequency domain methods based on the transient analysis. These methodssometimes require accurate pressure signals obtained during the transient period or by creating ideal conditions in testing. This paperproposes a method that does not require transient simulations over the whole or an extended period of time, but uses the first transientpressure oscillation to detect leaks. The method considers the propagation of the pressure oscillation wave created from a fast valveclosure and the reflected damp wave from the leak. A leak in the pipe gives rise to reflected waves which in turn creatediscontinuities in the observed signal at the measurement section. The timing of the reflected damp wave and the magnituderepresent the location and the size of the leak, respectively. An analytical expression is derived based on the Method OfCharacteristic (MOC) for the relationship between the leakage and the reflected magnitude. The leak detection procedure based onthe method is also given. Then the reliability of the method is tested on numerically simulated pressure signals and experimentalpressure signals with calibrated leak parameters, and the results indicate a successful application and the promising features of themethod.     

INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE ON HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF T SHAPE FISHWAY

While dams cut off the migratory route of fish, and affect their growth and breeding, fishways are built to restore the connectivity of rivers and facilitate the life cycle of these migratory fish. This paper proposes a new kind of fishway called the "T shape fishway", and studies it by using both numerical simulations and physical experimental methods with the aim to design a fishway in China for migratory fish with swimming and jumping capability much poorer, such as schizothorax davidi and schizothorax prenanti, as compared with migratory fish in other places of the world, like trout and salmon. It is indicated that the range of velocity in each regular pool of the T shape fishway is from 0.42 m/s to 1.22 m/s when the flow discharge Q is 350 L/s, and there are no large vortex zones found there. This study shows that the T shape fishway can meet the requirements of these migratory fish quite well in terms of velocity and flow patterns in China.     

鲁基厂水电站尾水洞围岩稳定分析

采用非线性弹塑性有限元方法,根据地下洞室施工开挖过程及锚固方法,对云南鲁基厂水电站尾水洞进行了正常开挖工况及施工完建地震工况下围岩稳定分析计算。分析结果表明设计采用的锚喷及衬砌支护方案基本合理。采用的弹塑性有限元基本理论及支护计算方法、洞室支护方案等对同类工程的设计、施工具有一定的参考意义。     

粉末活性炭—超滤组合工艺处理长江陈行原水

以长江陈行水库原水为研究对象,探讨了粉末活性炭—超滤组合工艺对水中CODMn、UV254、浊度、氨氮等去除效果,评价投加粉末活性炭后超滤膜跨膜压差(TMP)的变化情况.结果表明:超滤膜出水CODMn均值为1.10 mg/L,平均去除率为48.7％,UV254均值为0.016 cm-1,平均去除率为76.2％;组合工艺对水中氨氮具有一定的去除效果,对总铁、总锰去除效果显著,出水浊度保持在0.031 NTU以下.粉末活性炭投加于沉淀池之前,对于改善出水水质、减轻膜污染起到了较好的效果.     

不张拉锚索在橙子沟水电站调压井的应用

橙子沟调压井采用打入待开挖井壁的不张拉锚索,没有工程先例。文章介绍了这种布置和结构特殊的锚索,包括其设计、施工、监测、应用前景及存在问题,为如何提高薄壁结构调压井岩石完整性和开挖稳定性提供了一种新的锚固方法。     

北京市北运河洪水管理分析

针对北京市水资源严重紧缺的局面,进行洪水管理,实现雨水资源化,也是解决北京水资源矛盾的一个有效途径.北运河作为北京市的主要排水河道,雨水资源丰富.通过分析北运河雨水资源特征和洪水管理现状,提出了北运河洪水管理几点建议,为今后加强洪水管理提供借鉴和参考.     

基于自由搜索的水库入库含沙量预测模型

水库泥沙淤积问题直接关系到水库的规模、寿命以及综合经济效益的发挥。入库水流含沙量是影响水库调度运行以及水库泥沙淤积的主要因素,目前国内结构简单、实用性较强的含沙量预测模型不多。以水库的入库站流量及上游站至入库站的区间流量为研究对象,提出了基于两个水文站流量的水库入库含沙量的预测模型,采用改进的自由搜索算法率定模型参数,并将模型应用于龚嘴水库的入库含沙量的预测。研究结果表明,构建的模型结构简单,参数率定便捷,预测含沙量的精度较高,为水库入库含沙量预测提供了一种简便适用的方法。     

逆向选择与信用配给:中小企业融资难根源分析

文章通过中美中小企业融资的渠道和结构对比,分析中国中小企业融资困难的原因,并进一步通过两个模型解释资金借贷市场上的逆向选择问题和银行被迫采用的信用配给制度.文章最后提出了解决中小企业融资困难的一些建议.