南水北调东线工程输水系统运行风险研究

南水北调东线工程输水系统涉及堤防漫堤、渗透和失稳三种失事模式。分析了输水系统的风险机制,识别出系统的风险来自外来荷载、内部结构、运行管理等三方面,参考我国大坝安全评价和堤防工程设计规范等,建立了风险评价基准。采用层次-模糊分析法计算了输水河道运行综合风险概率;以河段长度为参数,通过聚类分析,得出了输水河道失事后果等级。在此基础上,根据风险评价基准,算出了各输水河道的风险等级。结果表明:高水河风险为低,中运河、胶东输水干线风险为中等,里运河等8段输水河道风险为较低。     

西霞院水库运用方案分析

在以往研究成果的基础上,结合小浪底水库运用方式研究,通过数学模型计算了西霞院水库3种运用方案的运行效果,结果表明:3个方案的淤积量基本相当,方案二和方案三的淤积量略小于方案一的,因此从控制水库淤积方面考虑,方案二和方案三稍优;方案二在控制大流量和含沙量大于1 kg/m3浑水时的运用水位较高,能够在一定程度上增加水库发电量,从而增加效益。各方案均能满足长期保持西霞院水库反调节库容的要求,西霞院主汛期运用水位较低对控制水库淤积比较有利,但会损失一定的发电效益。     

心滩守护工程对航道冲淤特性影响的数值模拟

为了改善航道条件,往往需通过航道整治工程来稳定心滩.此文建立了基于非结构三角形网格的平面二维水流泥沙数学模型,并与水槽模型实测值进行了率定验证.在此基础上,运用建立的数学模型对不同流量级下的两种不同类型的心滩守护工程进行了模拟研究.研究结果表明,软体排护滩带工程和鱼骨坝工程均可实现对心滩头部的守护和提高两侧航道的水深,但它们所引起的河床和建筑物的局部冲淤特性上存在差异.     

水库异重流和浑水水库排沙数值模拟技术研究

为解决原有库区一维数学模型异重流计算结果不很合理的问题,在一维模型中引入了孔口出流的概念,对浑水水库库区进行了分层计算,并探讨了小浪底浑水水库排沙的计算原理和计算方法。实例计算结果表明,采用该方法得出的出库含沙量过程基本合理。     

糯扎渡水电站地下厂房开挖施工监理控制

糯扎渡水电站地下厂房是国内最大规模的地下厂房之一,工期紧、施工强度高。监理工程师根据现场情况,明确了开挖顺序、施工通道、通风、钻爆施工、特殊部位的开挖、支护质量等是监理机构质量控制的重点。通过开挖程序控制、钻爆施工方案审查、特殊区域施工的控制等工作,确保了工程进度、施工质量、施工安全目标的实现。对同类工程有借鉴参考作用。     

沐若水电站大坝碾压混凝土石粉掺和料应用研究

沐若水电站大坝为全断面碾压混凝土重力坝,因当地人工砂的细度模数小,石粉含量高,为降低工程造价,合理利用资源,减少对环境的污染,对石粉作为掺和料进行了一系列现场试验研究。结果表明,只要采用合适的加工工艺控制人工砂的石粉含量在27%以下,以内含的方式按砂质量3%~4%的石粉作为掺和料配制碾压混凝土,就完全可以满足设计对碾压混凝土各项性能指标的要求。此项成果已成功应用于工程实际,取得了较好的效果。     

高清数字钻孔电视技术研发及其在水电工程中的应用

 钻孔电视是能直观获得钻孔孔壁原状图像的地球物理方法,高清数字钻孔电视技术采用了先进的时间定时器,改进了光学工艺,加入了人-机互动调色功能的高分辨率摄像头,应用了消除电磁场对图像影响的处理技术,使其具有高精度、高分辨率和高保真度等特点。在某水电站坝址和围堰深厚覆盖层可视化研究中,利用高清数字钻孔电视技术,可清晰地获得钻孔孔壁原状图像,从而有效地查明工区的地质情况,为顺利施工提供技术保障,并为建立“数字化电子岩芯库”奠定了坚实的基础。     

ANALYSIS OF FIRST TRANSIENT PRESSURE OSCILLATION FOR LEAK DETECTION IN A SINGLE PIPELINE

The leak detection is of great importance in the reliable operation and management of a pipeline system. Recently,attention is shifted to the use of the time domain or frequency domain methods based on the transient analysis. These methodssometimes require accurate pressure signals obtained during the transient period or by creating ideal conditions in testing. This paperproposes a method that does not require transient simulations over the whole or an extended period of time, but uses the first transientpressure oscillation to detect leaks. The method considers the propagation of the pressure oscillation wave created from a fast valveclosure and the reflected damp wave from the leak. A leak in the pipe gives rise to reflected waves which in turn creatediscontinuities in the observed signal at the measurement section. The timing of the reflected damp wave and the magnituderepresent the location and the size of the leak, respectively. An analytical expression is derived based on the Method OfCharacteristic (MOC) for the relationship between the leakage and the reflected magnitude. The leak detection procedure based onthe method is also given. Then the reliability of the method is tested on numerically simulated pressure signals and experimentalpressure signals with calibrated leak parameters, and the results indicate a successful application and the promising features of themethod.     

INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE ON HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF T SHAPE FISHWAY

While dams cut off the migratory route of fish, and affect their growth and breeding, fishways are built to restore the connectivity of rivers and facilitate the life cycle of these migratory fish. This paper proposes a new kind of fishway called the "T shape fishway", and studies it by using both numerical simulations and physical experimental methods with the aim to design a fishway in China for migratory fish with swimming and jumping capability much poorer, such as schizothorax davidi and schizothorax prenanti, as compared with migratory fish in other places of the world, like trout and salmon. It is indicated that the range of velocity in each regular pool of the T shape fishway is from 0.42 m/s to 1.22 m/s when the flow discharge Q is 350 L/s, and there are no large vortex zones found there. This study shows that the T shape fishway can meet the requirements of these migratory fish quite well in terms of velocity and flow patterns in China.     

鲁基厂水电站尾水洞围岩稳定分析

采用非线性弹塑性有限元方法,根据地下洞室施工开挖过程及锚固方法,对云南鲁基厂水电站尾水洞进行了正常开挖工况及施工完建地震工况下围岩稳定分析计算。分析结果表明设计采用的锚喷及衬砌支护方案基本合理。采用的弹塑性有限元基本理论及支护计算方法、洞室支护方案等对同类工程的设计、施工具有一定的参考意义。