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51.
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水电站泄水道破坏修复工程,是一项风险高、难度大、前景广阔的系统工程。刘家峡水电站泄水道2号孔破坏修复的关键,是采用人工深水软导向浮体闸门封堵孔口,形成门后洞内旱地施工条件;龚嘴水电站10号冲砂底孔破坏修复的关键,增设浮体闸门采用自动潜行式浮体闸门封堵孔口,形成门后洞内旱地施工条件;哈萨克斯坦CHARDARA水电站SYNAS项目泄水底孔修复的关键,采用分次降水安装浮体闸门侧支承的方法,挡住引水发电机组的下游尾水,在泄水道进口检修门和流道出口之间形成门旱地施工。此3项泄水道修复工程在行业内没有先例,难度很大。整体方案具有创新性,并且均已高质量竣工并投入正常运行。 相似文献
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随着分布式电源的大力发展,其对原有系统产生很大影响。分析了有载调压变压器分接头发生调节振荡的条件。讨论了分散电源的接入对变压器分接头对母线电压灵敏度 aVt 这一重要参数的影响,指出了分散电源的接入有可能使变压器分接头发生调节振荡,进而得出了考虑振荡约束的准入功率极限模型。最后运用112节点系统的算例证明了模型的有效性。 相似文献
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An Interval Fuzzy Multiobjective Watershed Management Model for the Lake Qionghai Watershed, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Lijing Wang Wei Meng Huaicheng Guo Zhenxing Zhang Yong Liu Yingying Fan 《Water Resources Management》2006,20(5):701-721
Integrated watershed management is required to ensure the reasonable use of resources and reconcile interactions among natural and human systems. In the present study, an interval fuzzy multiobjective programming (IFMOP) method was used to solve an integrated watershed management problem. Based on system analysis, an IFMOP model suitable for a lake watershed system {IFMOPLWS} was developed and applied to the Lake Qionghai watershed in China. Scenario analysis and an interactive approach were used in the solution process. In this manner, various system components were incorporated into one framework for holistic consideration and optimization. Integrality and uncertainty, as well as the multiobjective and dynamic characteristics of the watershed system, were well addressed. Using two scenarios, two planning schemes were generated. Agriculture, tourism, macroeconomics, cropland use, water supply, forest coverage, soil erosion, and water pollution were fully interpreted and compared to identify a preferable planning alternative for local agencies. This study showed that the IFMOPLWS is a powerful tool for integrated watershed management planning and can provide a solid base for sustainable watershed management. 相似文献
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Floods cause environmental hazards and influence on socio‐economic activities. In this study, we evaluated the historic flood frequency at a confluence in the middle Yellow River, China. A non‐parametric, multivariate, empirical, orthogonal function matrix model, which consists of time correlation coefficients of flood discharge at different gauge stations and flood events was used for the analysis of flood frequency. The model addresses the characteristics of confluent floods such as frequency and the probability in multiple tributary rivers. Flood frequency analysis is often coupled with studies of hydrological routing processes that reduce the flood capacity of the rivers. Flood routing to the confluence were simulated using kinematic wave theory. Results of this flood frequency analysis showed that flooding frequency has intensified in the past 500 years, especially during the 19th century. Flooding in streams above the confluence was more frequent than in streams below the confluence. Over the last 2000 years, concurrent flooding in multiple tributary rivers accounted for 67.5% of the total flooding in the middle Yellow River. Simulation of flood routing processes shows that the decreased flooding capacity and elevated river bed of the shrunken main channel leads to an increased flood wave propagation time (24–52.3 h) in the study area after 1995. The model indicates that human activities, such as constructions of the Sanmenxia Dam, have changed flood routing boundary conditions and have contributed to the increased flood frequency at the confluence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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粉煤灰在混凝土中的作用举足轻重,该文主要从水泥脆性系数、弹性模量、温度、混凝土干缩及徐变等角度,分析了粉煤灰对碾压混凝土的抗裂影响。 相似文献
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针对电网输入电压的不平衡、非正弦及负载的不平衡、非线性特性,提出了一种基于三相静止坐标系下的三相四线统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)的协调控制策略。该策略将UPQC的串联变流器控制为基波正弦电流源,而并联变流器控制为基波正弦电压源,从而实现了三相四线UPQC对电能质量的综合控制能力,既改善了电网侧的电能质量问题,实现了电网输入电流的正弦及单位输入功率因数,也改善了负载侧的电能质量问题,实现了负载电压的平衡、额定及正弦。10 kVA系统实验装置的实验结果表明了该控制策略的有效性。 相似文献