Adsorption behavior of activated carbon derived from pyrolusite-modified sewage sludge: equilibrium modeling, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Activated carbon was developed from sewage sludge using pyrolusite as an additive. It was demonstrated that the removal efficiency of two synthetic dyes (Tracid orange GS and Direct fast turquoise blue GL) by the produced adsorbent was up to 97.6%. The activated carbon with pyrolusite addition had 38.2% higher surface area, 43.8% larger micropore and 54.4% larger mesopore production than ordinary sludge-based activated carbons. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also investigated based on dyes adsorption tests. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models of adsorption, and the results fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic data have been analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equation. The experimental data fitted very well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Activation energies for the adsorption processes ranged between 8.7 and 19.1 kJ mol 1. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy (deltaG0), standard enthalpy (deltaH0) and standard entropy (deltaS0) were evaluated. The adsorption of these two dyes on the activated carbon was found to be a spontaneous and endothermic process in nature.     

金沙江梯级水电站群联合发电运行三种常规调度方法研究

采用常规调度图、蓄能调度图和调度函数三种常规调度方法对金沙江中游梯级水电站群的联合发电运行进行分析、计算,在同一条件下对三种调度方法的模拟结果与发电量最大模型及保证出力最大模型的结果进行了对比。从不同侧面对这3种方法进行了分析比较,给出了较为客观的评价,为水电站寻找调度规律、拟定运行指导准则提供重要的参考价值,为未来中长期发电计划的制定提供可靠依据。     

核电厂用水合理性分析及体会

岭澳核电站三期扩建工程属滨海核电工程。滨海地区一般水资源相对紧缺,而且我国尚未制定核电行业的用水定额标准,因此,如何合理地评价核电工程的设计用水水平是核电水资源论证的重点和难点。根据核电施工期较长的特点及项目工期安排,分施工期、调试期、正常运行期及可能组合,论证了项目用水的合理性,并对已建成的核电站的历史用水量进行了调查研究,分析了项目的节水潜力,提出了合理的取用水量,可为核电厂水资源论证提供参考。     

我国山洪灾害防治技术研究综述

针对我国防洪减灾工作中亟待解决的山洪灾害问题,总结了国内山洪灾害防治技术的研究成果,从山洪灾害的成因、预测预报技术、预警技术、监测预警系统建设、灾情风险评估技术、形成机理、防治区划及防治对策等7个方面对我国山洪灾害防治技术主要成果进行分析,探讨了当前存在的不足及今后研究的方向。     

基于Matlab的混凝土声发射信号小波阈值去噪效果研究

在对混凝土类材料进行损伤声发射检测过程中,仪器收集的信号通常包含噪声信号,影响声发射分析的精度。本文基于Matlab小波分析,阐述一些主要的阈值选取方案,对不同阈值选择方案的去噪效果进行分析、评价、对比与总结,找出较为有效的混凝土声发射信号阈值去噪策略,有利于促进混凝土声发射信号的研究。     

龙开口大坝浇筑碾压施工质量实时监控系统设计与应用

龙开口水电站采用碾压施工质量实时监控系统对碾压混凝土大坝施工质量进行全过程监控.分析规划了碾压施工质量实时监控系统的功能,通过选取合适的监控技术、确定监控系统结构完成了监控系统方案设计.监控系统成功应用于龙开口水电工程大坝施工现场,取得了一定的成果,推动了碾压混凝土坝浇筑施工水平的提升.     

Pollutant mixing and transport process via diverse transverse release positions in a multi-anabranch river with three braid bars

A multi-anabranch river with three braid bars is a typical river pattern in nature, but no studies have been conducted to describe mixing characteristics of pollutants in the river. In this study, a physical model of a typical multi-anabranch river with three braid bars was established to explore the pollutant mixing characteristics in different branches. The multi-anabranch reach was separated into seven branches, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, and B7, by three braid bars. Five tracer release positions located 2.9 m upstream from the inlet section of the multi-anabranch reach were adopted, and the distances from the five positions to the left bank of the upstream main channel were 1/6B, 1/3B, 1/2B, 2/3B, and 5/6B(B is the width of the upstream main channel), respectively. The longitudinal velocities and pollutant concentrations in the seven branches were measured. The planar flow field and mixing characteristics of pollutants from the bottom to the surface in the multi-anabranch river were obtained and analyzed. The results show that the pollutant release positions are the main influencing factors in the pollutant transport process, and the diversion points and pollutant release positions jointly influence the percentage ratios of the pollutant fluxes in branches B1, B2, and B3 to the pollutant flux in the upstream main channel.     

开槽预应力闸墩应力集中特性研究

为了较好地分析开槽预应力闸墩槽附近的应力集中问题,采用有限元结构分析软件模拟了某大型水电站在施工期和运行期不同荷载组合作用下的受力情况。通过改变预留槽的位置及大小,分析闸墩的应力分布状况。最后,从弹性力学的角度,应用复变函数法对孔口附近的应力分布情况进行计算,并将变化规律与开槽预应力闸墩的应力集中情况进行了分析对比。研究结果表明,预应力闸墩因开槽而引起应力集中可以被充分利用,不仅可以提高预应力锚索的预压效果,还可以通过改善预压应力的传力路径,使其传到更为有效的部位。     

二滩水电站低励限制与失磁保护配合关系研究

二滩水电站发变组保护系统改造后,为满足规范所要求的低励限制能优先于失磁保护动作,提出将失磁保护的机端低电压判据、定子侧静稳极限阻抗圆判据和转子侧电压判据与低励限制曲线绘制在同一P-Q坐标系中,以验证保护装置失磁保护与低励限制的配合关系.计算结果验证了失磁保护整定值的正确性,同时证明了失磁保护动作区与低励限制之间存在一定的稳定裕度,满足低励限制优先于失磁保护动作的关系.     

甘肃省农业抗旱能力评估分析研究

根据现状农业抗旱能力形成要素,选择了水利工程建设、经济实力支持、农业生产水平以及抗旱组织管理等4个代表性指标作为评价因子,并分流域确定了指标权重;采用目标评价方法确定代表性指标构成要素,形成评价指标体系并确定评价层权重;提出农业抗旱能力评价等级,依据评价指标体系计算结果,分市(州)评价了现状甘肃农业的抗旱能力,为甘肃省农业实现高产稳产提供更合理的依据。