An integrated urban drainage system model for assessing renovation scheme

Due to sustained economic growth in China over the last three decades, urbanization has been on a rapidly expanding track. In recent years, regional industrial relocations were also accelerated across the country from the east coast to the west inland. These changes have led to a large-scale redesign of urban infrastructures, including the drainage system. To help the reconstructed infrastructures towards a better sustainability, a tool is required for assessing the efficiency and environmental performance of different renovation schemes. This paper developed an integrated dynamic modeling tool, which consisted of three models for describing the sewer, the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the receiving water body respectively. Three auxiliary modules were also incorporated to conceptualize the model, calibrate the simulations, and analyze the results. The developed integrated modeling tool was applied to a case study in Shenzhen City, which is one of the most dynamic cities and facing considerable challenges for environmental degradation. The renovation scheme proposed to improve the environmental performance of Shenzhen City's urban drainage system was modeled and evaluated. The simulation results supplied some suggestions for the further improvement of the renovation scheme.     

Gravity filtration performances of the bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor for slightly polluted surface water purification

A bio-diatomite dynamic membrane (BDDM) reactor for surface water treatment under a water head of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 cm, respectively, was investigated, which was very effective for pollutants removal. The water head exerted strong influences on filtration flux of BDDM during the precoating process, as well as on the formation of BDDM and turbidity variations. A high filtration flux (approximately 200-300 L/m2 h) could be achieved in the long filtration times of BDDM with a stable effluent turbidity of approximately 0.11-0.25 NTU. The BDDM could remove particles larger than 25 μm completely. The adopted sintered diatomite mainly consisted of macro pores, which were beneficial for improving the filtration flux of BDDM. During the backwash stage, the BDDM could be removed completely by the air backwash.     

土石坝渗漏的波速-电阻率联合成像诊断试验研究

采用模型试验对3种不同渗漏类型的病险土石坝分别进行了波速-电阻率联合成像诊断试验。试验结果表明,采用电阻率成像诊断坝体的渗漏范围具有较高的精度,但在圈定心墙的渗漏通道时,由成像获得的电阻率异常区域较实际渗漏通道大;采用波速成像诊断坝体的渗漏范围时,诊断效果取决于含水率的变化幅度,含水率变化较小的区域,精度较低,但在圈定心墙渗漏通道时,波速成像却具有较高的精度。因此在土石坝渗漏诊断中,采用单一的电阻率成像或波速成像都具有一定局限性,而联合电阻率和波速成像可以有效提高坝体渗漏区域和心墙渗漏通道的诊断精度。     

潮汐河口大型中低滩促淤工程内部布局研究

内部布局是决定促淤工程淤积效果优劣的重要因素之一,但以往缺乏对该问题的深入研究.以总规模约148.7 km2的长江口南汇东滩促淤圈围工程为例,以二维潮流数学模型及泥沙促淤效果经验公式为研究手段,展开潮汐河口大型中低滩促淤工程内部布局研究,包括促淤方式、分仓方式的选择以及纳潮口规模的拟定等.研究结果表明,纳潮口式促淤方式优于多仓布局方案,纳潮口规模在满足控制流速的前提下大小应适中.     

冬季沁河(河南段)水化学特征

研究冬季沁河(河南段)的水化学特征为沁河水环境保护以及水资源利用提供依据。采集沿沁河及黄河9个断面样品并对样品的主要阴、阳离子和重金属进行检测,在此基础上运用水化学分析和因子分析法分析了沁河的主要水化学特征。结果表明:沿水流方向沁河取样断面由上到下水化学类型由Ca2+-SO42-+HCO3-型转变为Ca2+-HCO3-型;钙离子占阳离子总量51%,碳酸氢根离子占阴离子总量51%。黄河的水化学离子组成与沁河有较大区别,主要体现在钠离子和氯化物。沁河各点处的硝酸盐含量基本一致,平均为15.34mg/L(以NO3-计);氨氮浓度沿沁河径流路径呈上升趋势,平均浓度为1.42 mg/L(以NH3-N计)。冬季沁河(河南段)的水化学类型主要受控于自然因素,沁河水体中的硝酸盐主要来自地下水,氨氮主要来源于人类排放的污废水。     

吉林查干湖生态景观水域建设的基本思路和技术方法

吉林查干湖对生态景观水域建设进行了科学定位,利用大型水利工程引水和补水维持生态水量,保持陆地-水域生态系统的联通,形成和保留水-岸过渡带,实行水量-水位-水质调控、拦截入湖污染物,控制湖内局部污染源,开辟和开发沿湖第四系潜水上游地质天窗湖泡,采用了多项生态友好型工程材料和技术来保护和恢复水岸生态系统,获得了预期效果,也为水域生态景观建设提供了借鉴。     

新形势下水利质量管理制度体系构建与制度安排

从制度层面分析了新时期的水利质量管理问题.宏观上,在对现有水利质量管理制度诊断和梳理基础上,考虑构建中国水利质量管理制度体系框架;微观上,重点树立民生水利理念,并基于服务管理视角创新性地提出制度安排模型.     

白鹤滩水电站左岸雾化区边坡稳定性分析

为深入研究雾化雨入渗引发的岩体边坡失稳机制,基于白鹤滩水电站高边坡基本地质条件和稳定性控制边界条件,采用饱和-非饱和渗流有限元分析方法,借鉴饱和-非饱和强度理论,研究了边坡在雾化雨条件下的渗流场变化规律。采用严格Janbu法、Sarma法、不平衡推力法对两岸边坡进行二维极限平衡分析,并且综合分析了雾化区边坡岩体及控制性结构面的强度及荷载变化规律,计算得到雾化区边坡在各种工况条件下稳定性变化规律。分析表明,降雨入渗将使边坡坡面浅部的压力水头抬升,坡脚局部饱和区最大水位升高;同时岩体的抗剪强度减小,边坡稳定性明显下降。     

黄河下游城市供水管网水质保障技术研究与示范

课题针对黄河下游地区供水管网水质共性问题,以饮用水安全保障为目标,对基于水质保障的供水管网仿真建模与水质模拟分析、水质多因子评估与综合优化改造、多水源切换供水条件下的优化运行等技术进行了研究。研发了"城市供水安全保障平台"、"城市供水优化运行系统"及"基于智能化遗传算法的给水管网优化改造设计系统",建立了黄河下游地区供水管网水质保障体系。通过在济南示范区管网的应用与示范,为我国城市供水管网的科学管理、运行及水质安全保障提供了重要的技术支持。     

粉末活性炭—超滤组合工艺处理长江陈行原水

以长江陈行水库原水为研究对象,探讨了粉末活性炭—超滤组合工艺对水中CODMn、UV254、浊度、氨氮等去除效果,评价投加粉末活性炭后超滤膜跨膜压差(TMP)的变化情况.结果表明:超滤膜出水CODMn均值为1.10 mg/L,平均去除率为48.7％,UV254均值为0.016 cm-1,平均去除率为76.2％;组合工艺对水中氨氮具有一定的去除效果,对总铁、总锰去除效果显著,出水浊度保持在0.031 NTU以下.粉末活性炭投加于沉淀池之前,对于改善出水水质、减轻膜污染起到了较好的效果.