Urine nitrification and sewer discharge to realize in-sewer denitrification to simplify sewage treatment in Hong Kong

The chemically enhanced primary treatment works in Hong Kong will be upgraded for biological nitrogen removal. This study proposed a novel approach to waive the upgrading by urine source-separation, onsite nitrification and discharge of nitrified urine into sewers to achieve in-sewer denitrification. Human urine was collected and a lab-scale experiment for full urine nitrification was conducted. The results showed that full nitrification was achieved with alkaline addition. Simulation of nitrified urine discharge into an 8-km pressure main in Hong Kong was conducted with a quasi-2D dynamic sewer model developed from a previously calibrated sewer biofilm model. It was assumed that 70% of the residents' urine was collected and fully nitrified on-site. The simulation results revealed that the proposed approach is effective in removal of nitrogen within the sewer, which decreases ammonia-N at the sewer outlet to a level required for secondary effluent discharge in Hong Kong.     

Adsorption behavior of activated carbon derived from pyrolusite-modified sewage sludge: equilibrium modeling, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Activated carbon was developed from sewage sludge using pyrolusite as an additive. It was demonstrated that the removal efficiency of two synthetic dyes (Tracid orange GS and Direct fast turquoise blue GL) by the produced adsorbent was up to 97.6%. The activated carbon with pyrolusite addition had 38.2% higher surface area, 43.8% larger micropore and 54.4% larger mesopore production than ordinary sludge-based activated carbons. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also investigated based on dyes adsorption tests. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models of adsorption, and the results fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic data have been analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equation. The experimental data fitted very well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Activation energies for the adsorption processes ranged between 8.7 and 19.1 kJ mol 1. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy (deltaG0), standard enthalpy (deltaH0) and standard entropy (deltaS0) were evaluated. The adsorption of these two dyes on the activated carbon was found to be a spontaneous and endothermic process in nature.     

糯扎渡水电站大坝基础帷幕灌浆施工

1 概述 糯扎渡水电站工程属大(1)型Ⅰ等工程,永久性主要水工建筑物为1级建筑物.工程以发电为主兼有防洪、灌溉、养殖和旅游等综合利用效益,水库具有多年调节性能.该工程由心墙堆石坝、左岸溢洪道、左岸泄洪隧洞、右岸泄洪隧洞、左岸地下式引水发电系统及导流工程等建筑物组成.水库库容为237.03×10<'8>m<'3>,电站装机容量5850 MW(9×650 MW),坝高261.5 m.     

水库水中有机物特性对生成消毒副产物的影响

饮用水中消毒副产物( DBPs)对人体健康构成极大威胁,明确水源水中有机物的特性及对DBPs生成的影响,是实现DBPs有效源头控制的关键环节.研究探讨了上海某水库水源水中有机物不同组分与消毒副产物生成潜能之间的关系,为水处理工艺及饮用水安全保障技术研究提供基础性数据.结果表明,水样中亲水性有机物比例占到60％左右;各组分的相对分子质量分布情况以小于1 000的小分子为主;加强消毒前水处理工艺对亲水性和小分子有机物的去除,可以有效控制DBPs的生成.     

基于ANSYS的重力坝建基面等效应力计算

采用ANSYS进行重力坝坝体应力分析时,坝踵、坝趾等角缘部位存在应力集中现象,转化为等效应力可以有效地避免这个现象,但ANSYS没有提供专门的等效应力计算模块.本文基于ANSYS软件计算重力坝应力,采用VB可视化编程直接访问ANSYS数据库,结合等效应力计算公式实现对重力坝建基面等效应力计算,并通过算例验证了其实用性、...     

大广坝水利水电二期（灌区）工程戈枕枢纽消能工优化设计

根据戈枕枢纽的水文、地质及地形特性,结合水工模型试验成果和计算结果,文章简述和分析了对枢纽消能建筑物进行优化设计的过程,对类似工程在设计和改造过程中寻求最适合的设计方案有一定的指导作用。     

铜信溪水电站洪水分析计算

文章通过对怀化市铜信溪水电站的设计洪水分析计算,得出扎实的基础数据,通过不同的站点分析,充分证实分析成果的可靠性、准确性。     

梯级水电站大坝巡检系统信息组织方法

水电站大坝巡检具有全面、直观和及时等特点,是传统在线监测系统所不能代替的.然而传、统的手工巡检记录方式很难满足后续诊断分析的要求,因此,利用最新的信息技术开发大坝巡检系统非常必要.文中针对大坝巡检系统开发中信息组织方法进行研究,以便使开发的大坝巡检系统具有良好的自适应性和扩展性.     

旱情预警几个主要技术问题的探讨

旱灾是我国主要的自然灾害之一。近年来,我国干旱灾害发生频繁,对经济社会造成的影响不断加剧。加强旱情监测,提高旱情综合评判能力,探索旱情预警方法等,显得十分必要和紧迫。目前,我国旱情监测工作相对薄弱,旱情预测预报起步较晚,旱情预警尚处于研究和探索阶段。本文结合吉林省旱情预警模型研究的有关成果,探讨预警指标、预测模型、预警综合指数等主要技术问题的创建思路,为旱情预警系统研究提供借鉴和参考作用。     

三峡水库2003年蓄水以来库区干流泥沙淤积初步分析

基于三峡水库2003年蓄水至2010年间的实测资料,对库区干流的泥沙淤积量、淤积分布及断面淤积方式进行了详细分析.结果表明,三峡水库干流河道泥沙淤积主要发生在常年库区内,平面上呈不连续分布,其断面淤积形态主要有三种.三峡库区干流泥沙淤积分布与河道的平面形态以及断面的平均水深和平均流速等参数关系密切,本文统计分析得出了发生泥沙淤积时断面平均流速与水深间的经验关系.