Modelling biological processes under anaerobic conditions through integrating titrimetric and off-gas measurements-applied to EBPR systems.

An innovative method for modelling biological processes under anaerobic conditions is presented and discussed. The method is based on titrimetric and off-gas measurements. Titrimetric data is recorded as the addition rate of hydroxyl ions or protons that is required to maintain pH in a bioreactor at a constant level. An off-gas analysis arrangement measures, among other things, the transfer rate of carbon dioxide. The integration of these signals results in a continuous signal which is solely related to the biological reactions. When coupled with a mathematical model of the biological reactions, the signal allows a detailed characterisation of these reactions, which would otherwise be difficult to achieve. Two applications of the method to the enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes are presented and discussed to demonstrate the principle and effectiveness of the method.     

滕吉胜和他的象形书法艺术

1999年8月26日对滕吉胜先生来说应该是个难忘的日子,因为就在这天,他拿到了中国书法大展赛一等奖的奖牌。     

Pricing continuously sampled Asian options with perturbation method

This article explores the price of continuously sampled Asian options. For geometric Asian options, we present pricing formulas for both backward‐starting and forward‐starting cases. For arithmetic Asian options, we demonstrate that the governing partial differential equation (PDE) cannot be transformed into a heat equation with constant coefficients; therefore, these options do not have a closed‐form solution of the Black–Scholes type, that is, the solution is not given in terms of the cumulative normal distribution function. We then solve the PDE with a perturbation method and obtain an analytical solution in a series form. Numerical results show that as compared with Zhang's ( 2001 ) highly accurate numerical results, the series converges very quickly and gives a good approximate value that is more accurate than any other approximate method in the literature, at least for the options tested in this article. Graphical results determine that the solution converges globally very quickly especially near the origin, which is the area in which most of the traded Asian options fall. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:535–560, 2003     

Fluidised pellet bed bioreactor: a promising technology for onsite wastewater treatment and reuse.

A pilot-scale fluidised pellet bed (FPB) bioreactor, which combines chemical coagulation, biological degradation, particle pelletisation and separation in one unit, was applied for onsite wastewater treatment and reuse. As a result of rational use of inorganic coagulant and organic polymer and moderate mechanical agitation, spherical particles were generated in the upflow column and a well-fluidised bed was formed. With a continuous supply of dissolved oxygen through a recycling loop, an aerobic condition was kept in the bottom section of the FPB column. Under such conditions the pellets in the FPB column showed the following characteristics: (1) compact structure and high density; (2) rich in microorganisms; and (3) high MLSS and MLVSS concentrations. Therefore, the FPB bioreactor achieved more than 90% removal of SS, COD, BOD and TP from raw domestic wastewater within a total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of only about 30 minutes. It also showed nitrification and denitrification ability and the TN removal could be about 50% as the recycling ratio was increased to 1:1. The treated water quality is generally competitive with the secondary effluent from a conventional activated sludge process. With these advantages the FPB bioreactor is recommendable as a compact system for onsite wastewater treatment and reuse.     

营销渠道变革成本与效率关系的研究

营销渠道的变革是以渠道的效率和效益为驱动力的,在进行渠道成本比较分析的基础上,对某种能以最低成本完成相关功能的渠道模式的动态选择过程。本文对营销渠道变革的原因以及渠道成本与效率之间的关系进行了研究,希望有利于企业作出适当的渠道模式选择。     

两种水轮发电机组开机控制技术的比较及优化

本文建立了水轮发电机组仿真模型,并以某电站的水流特性、机组惯性等实际参数作为仿真模型参数,着重研究水轮发电机组的两种开机控制规律,分析了原有以空载开度为限制的机组开机控制技术,提出以恒转速变化率为控制目标的机组开机控制技术,并将两种开机控制技术进行了仿真比较。通过仿真波形分析比较表明,两种开机控制技术各自具有的优越动态性能。在工程实践中,将这两种开机控制技术都应用到水轮机调速器开机程序中,可以根据水电站现场对开机动态性能的不同要求在停机态切换两种开机控制流程。     

太湖流域水灾害应急对策研究

太湖流域是我国经济社会高度发达的地区之一,发生水灾害时往往会造成重大经济损失。对发生各类水灾害时的应急对策展开研究总结,以减轻水灾害,避免人员伤亡,保障经济社会可持续健康稳定发展,并通过分析典型案例的实际应对过程,为今后开展类似工作提供参考。     

3-D numerical simulation of curved open channel confluence flow with partially non-submerged rigid vegetation

For the study of the effects of partially non-submerged rigid vegetation on the free-surface confluence flow in a curved open channel,a numerical simulation is ...     

保定市主要作物需水量和缺水量特征分析

[目的]对作物需水量及缺水量的研究是了解和合理配置农业灌溉用水的基础,对提高农业用水效率有重大意义。[方法]选取河北省保定市为研究区域,利用Penman-Monteith公式和分段单值平均作物系数法对冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花的作物需水量和缺水量等指标进行计算,通过Mann-Kendall检验法对保定市近60年来的作物需水量和缺水量等的变化趋势进行分析。[结果]3种主要作物的需水量、有效降雨量和缺水量的最大值均出现在作物发育中期;其中除冬小麦的有效降雨量以0.208mm/10年的速率呈不显著性增长趋势外,其他作物的各指标变化则均呈减少趋势;从突变现象来看,夏玉米和棉花的各指标发生明显变化的时期相近,需水量出现明显拐点的时刻在2008年以后,有效降水量在1968年以前和2014年两个时期,缺水量分别在2011年和2012年。[结论]该研究结果为保定市乃至河北省的农作物灌溉效率的提高及水资源规划与管理的完善提供了理论依据,具有一定的现实意义。     

信阳市卷烟消费情况调查报告

<正>信阳市位于河南省南部,东与安徽为邻,南与湖北接壤,扼控江淮,屏蔽中原,素有鄂豫皖“三省通衢”之称,是东西南北经济、文化交流的通道。全市总面积1.83万平方公里,2005年,总人口787.55万人,其中,城镇人口216.10