新型高效风力提水装置风洞实验

为了解决传统风力提水机存在的多叶片大实度、风能利用系数低下、生产成本高等问题,对所设计的具有低实度、高气动性能的新型高效风力提水装置进行实验研究。推导了适用于风力机的相似理论,建立新型风力提水装置的物理模型,在河海大学风洞实验室中进行吹风实验,测量了额定工况下风轮的风能利用系数以及不同工况下装置的流量,并绘制流量特性曲线。实验结果表明,装置在2.8m/s微风下能够起动,在额定工况下风能利用系数可达0.43以上,达到设计要求,在设计扬程下风力机与水泵匹配性能最好,效率达到最大。     

利用T-PROGS确定最优钻孔密度

为了在水文地质钻探时找到合理的钻孔密度,避免钻孔集中出现数据的冗余,造成介质类别有偏向于高密度钻孔岩性类别的趋势。本文以某实测区域为研究对象,运用GMS软件中T-PROGS模块,模拟在非均匀介质中均匀分布钻孔以确定最优钻孔密度。通过马尔可夫数学预测模型对计算机模拟数据进行甄选,得出在钻孔密度为30孔/km2,获得的水文地质资料的可信度较高,可以最大限度的节省人力物力。本文研究结果表明:结合GMS软件与马尔科夫预测模型对探明地质类型分布是可行的。     

长江流域水资源调控与水库群调度

长江流域不仅存在着干旱缺水问题,也普遍存在水质性缺水和水生态功能退化问题,迫切需要加强严格的水资源管理和水利工程系统的优化调控。随着三峡、南水北调中东线等重大水利工程建成运行,为流域水资源调度提供了必要的工程手段,而三条红线等水资源管理措施的推进,使长江流域水资源管理和水利工程调控水平显著提高。本文首先回顾随着经济社会发展长江流域水资源供需关系变化,水库建设和水资源调控发展历程,然后通过引江济太工程调度、汉江的丹江口水库和长江三峡等控制性水库调度实践,讨论长江水资源综合调控技术进展及存在的问题,最后对于未来水资源综合调控中的科学、技术和管理方面需要开展的研究进行展望。     

Application of a hybrid multiscalar indicator in drought identification in Beijing and Guangzhou,China

The Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) is physically based with multivariate concepts, but requires complicated calibration and cannot easily be used for multiscale comparison. Standardized drought indices (SDIs), such as the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), are multiscalar and convenient for spatiotemporal comparison, but they are still challenged by their lack of physical basis. In this study, a hybrid multiscalar indicator, the standardized Palmer drought index (SPDI), was used to examine drought properties of two meteorological stations (the Beijing and Guangzhou stations) in China, which have completely different drought climatologies. The results of our case study show that the SPDI is correlated with the well-established drought indices (SPI, SPEI, and PDSI) and presents generally consistent drought/wetness conditions against multiple indicators and literature records. Relative to the PDSI, the SPDI demonstrates invariable statistical characteristics and better comparable drought/wetness frequencies over time and space. Moreover, characteristics of major drought events (drought class, and onset and end times) indicated by the SPDI are generally comparable to those detected by the PDSI. As a physically-based standardized multiscalar drought indicator, the SPDI can be regarded as an effective development of the Palmer drought indices, providing additional choices and tools for practical drought monitoring and assessment.     

股权众筹投资者权益保护的思维变革与制度完善--如何构建有效的股权众筹投资者保护机制

随着金融创新力度加大,以股权众筹为代表的互联网金融模式在拓宽中小微企业融资渠道,丰富普惠金融内涵的同时,也为投资者保护带来了严峻挑战。中国证券业协会发布的《私募股权众筹融资管理办法》对股权众筹投资者保护进行了详细规定。在股权众筹投资者保护方面,《管理办法》表现出信息披露适度、投资者范围明确、外部监管与自律管理结合的内在逻辑,体现了软法和自律管理为主、原则导向的投资者保护监管的思维特点。针对股权众筹的普惠金融属性,可从合格投资者限定、信息披露具体要求、征信体系建设、投资者冷静期设立方面对《管理办法》加以完善,力求在现有法治框架下促进股权众筹投资者保护制度的完善和发展。     

Seepage safety monitoring model for an earth rock dam under influence of high-impact typhoons based on particle swarm optimization algorithm

Extreme hydrological events induced by typhoons in reservoir areas have presented severe challenges to the safe operation of hydraulic structures. Based on analysis of the seepage characteristics of an earth rock dam, a novel seepage safety monitoring model was constructed in this study. The nonlinear influence processes of the antecedent reservoir water level and rainfall were assumed to follow normal distributions. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the model parameters so as to raise the fitting accuracy. In addition, a mutation factor was introduced to simulate the sudden increase in the piezometric level induced by short-duration heavy rainfall and the possible historical extreme reservoir water level during a typhoon. In order to verify the efficacy of this model, the earth rock dam of the Siminghu Reservoir was used as an example. The piezometric level at the SW1-2 measuring point during Typhoon Fitow in 2013 was fitted with the present model, and a corresponding theoretical expression was established. Comparison of fitting results of the piezometric level obtained from the present statistical model and traditional statistical model with monitored values during the typhoon shows that the present model has a higher fitting accuracy and can simulate the uprush feature of the seepage pressure during the typhoon perfectly.     

旋转式水喷淋保护防火卷帘技术研究

研究开发了一种新的水冷却防火卷帘,即旋转式水喷淋保护防火卷帘。介绍了旋转式水喷淋喷头的组成,并从传热学的角度对该防火卷帘的传热过程进行分析,求出该防火卷帘的总布水强度0.25L/(s·m2),仅为普通防火卷帘两侧设自动喷水系统的1/4。该防火卷帘具有帘片成本低、降温效果好、布水强度小等优点。     

天津蓟县经济开发区污水处理厂设计与调试运行

介绍了天津蓟县经济开发区处理规模4000m3/d,采用SBR工艺的污水处理厂的设计参数、调试和运行情况。分析探讨了污水处理厂调试、运行过程中出现的一些问题,并针对这些问题采取了一系列解决措施。监测数据表明,该工艺运行稳定可靠,出水水质稳定,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)二级排放标准,实现了污水处理厂的正常运行。     

贯彻投资体制改革决定做好水电项目核准工作

水电是四川省的特色资源和能源的重要组成部分,改革开放以来,水电站投资打破了传统计划经济体制下政府高度集中的投资管理模式,初步形成了以企业投资为主体,资金来源多渠道、投资方式多样化、项目建设市场化的新格局。按照2004年7月国务院颁布的《关于投资体制改革的决定》(国发[2004]20号,以下简称《决定》),企业投资项目实行核准制。如何理解《决定》精神,做好水电项目核准工作,对推进四川省水电产业健康有序发展具有重要的意义。