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71.
This article was prepared by Dr L. V. Defris and J. S. McDonnell of the Institute research staff. The authors wish to thank Professor R. F. Henderson and Dr P. J. Sheehan for their helpful comments. 相似文献
72.
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Rao VV Shantakumar G 《The Malayan economic review : the journal of the Economic Society of Singapore, the Department of Economics and Statistics and the Economic Research Centre of the University of Singapore》1972,17(2):16-24
The suitability of age-specific birth proportions (ASBP), or percentage distribution of births, as a rough and ready index of fertility change was analyzed by establishing a theoretical framework for its limitations and uses. The discussion suggested that the utility of ASBP as an indicator of fertility change depends on the characteristics and behavior of the population being considered. The concept was then empirically applied to birth trends in Japan and Singapore for 2 different time periods. Analysis suggested that ASBP trends in Japan reflected changes in age-specific fertility rates relative to general fertility rate as well as trends in parity distribution. The Singapore analysis was more complicated, raising different issues. As very limited empirical work has been done on ASBPs, the utility of ASBPs as an indicator of fertility change cannot be definitely ascertained. It was suggested however that ASBP trends may be applicable in countries where the age distribution of fertile-aged women is fairly stable. More empirical research should be done on ASBP trends in other countries, the behavior of A matrix as discussed in this paper, and useful empirical relationship of ASBP with other fertility measures. 相似文献
74.
In our earlier paper [Srivastava, Agnihotri and Dwivedi (1980)] the dominance of double k-class over k-class with respect to exact mean squared error matrix criteria is established. It is observed that given a member of k-class, one can pick up a member of double k-class that will provide an improved estimator of the coefficients. This result prompted us to study the exact finite sample properties of the double k-class estimator. For this, we have considered a structural equation containing two endogenous variables and have investigated the properties of double k-class estimators of the coefficients of explanatory endogenous variables assuming characterizing scalars to be non-stochastic. 相似文献
75.
Pethe VP 《The Indian economic journal : the quarterly journal of the Indian Economic Association》1963,10(3):315-324
Indian censuses provide useful data on livelihood. These data give a picture of the distribution of population deriving their living from different economic activities. According to the 1951 census, 73 cities in the country had a population over 1 lakh. These cities were, more or less, evenly distributed in the different States of the Union. Of the populations in these cities combined, nearly 40% derived its livelihood from the services and miscellaneous sources, approximately 1/4 from production other than cultivation, 1/4 from commerce, and the remaining few from transport and agriculture. These averages were fairly similar for large and small cities. Of the 32 largest cities which showed predominance of their population in 1 or more livelihood, there were about 10 in industrial-manufacturing, 6 in commerce, 9 in transport, and 10 in services. 2 of the 3 port cities, Bombay and Madras, were broad-based in employment while Calcutta was predominant in commerce. There was little uniformity in the livelihood patterns of capital cities. 相似文献
76.
Prof. Dr. T. V. S. Ramamohan Rao Miss Umamaheswaran Kalpagam 《Journal of Economics》1978,38(3-4):351-367
Conclusion Recognizing the fact that provision of mixed public goods can result in both consumption externalities of the Samuelsonian variety as well as production externalities we set out to extend the earlier results of Rao and Kalpagam (1977) on the effect of public goods on economic growth. In so doing, we considered three standard specifications of production externalities and enlarged the concept of consumption displacement. Our basic conclusion is that the results of our earlier paper remain valid under the more general conditions set out in this paper. 相似文献
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Volshanik V. V. Étkin A. G. 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》1994,28(9):540-546
1. | The ideal guide vanes of a reaction turbine realized in the form of dual-regulation guide vanes maintain impact-free entry of the flow into the runner's blading in a wide range of regulation of the turbine's flow rate. |
2. | On account of this, the optimum operating conditions (maximum values of efficiency and minimum hydraulic losses) will be maintained in practially the whole range of change in the turbine's power, since the conditions of impact-free entry, efficient passage of the flow in the runner's blade cascade, and normal exit from the runner characteristic of the optimum conditions will be maintained. |
3. | The use of dual-regulation guide vanes will make it possible to abandon use of dual-regulation (Kaplan) turbines and switch to the use of ecologically clean propeller (rigid-blade) turbines, which possess high speed and capacity while preserving their energy qualities; and in single-regulation turbines, to get a significant increase in average efficiency and generation of electricity at hydroelectric stations. |