Extreme value analysis of streamflow time series in Poyang Lake Basin, China

Extreme meteorological and hydrological events may cause major disasters and heavy social and economic losses.Therefore,more and more studies have focused on extreme hydro-meteorological events in various climates and geographic regions.Based on nearly 50 years of observed records of the Poyang Lake Basin,the occurrence and changing trends of extreme streamflow indices,including the annual maximum flow,annual peak-over-threshold flows,and low flows,were analyzed for ten hydrological stations.The results indicate that most annual maximum flows occurred from April to July,highly attributed to the Southeast Asian summer monsoons,whereas the annual minimum flows were concentrated between January and February.As for the low flow indices (the annual minimum flow,annual minimum 7-d flow,and annual minimum 30-d flow),a significant increasing trend was detected in most parts of the Poyang Lake Basin.The trends illustrate the potential effects of climate change and human activities on the hydrological cycle over the Poyang Lake Basin.     

电磁流量计测量直管内速度及管长的CFD 研究

电磁流量计是一种广泛采用的流量测量仪表,测量直管长度对于保证测量管内流速轴对称分布及电磁流量计计量精度起着关键性作用.本文采用CFD数值手段对电磁流量计测量直管长度及管内流速轴对称分布特性展开研究.为了准确地研究流速分布的轴对称特性,提出了定量衡量流速分布轴对称程度的速度对称偏差度,并基于此研究了不同内径、不同过流量条件下测量管内的流速分布轴对称特性和电磁流量计对测量直管长度的要求,为电磁流量计的检定、安装、应用提供科学理论依据,为依托项目建立高精度流量计量标准装置奠定基础.     

基于ANSYS的钢模台车顶模架拓扑优化设计

以江坪河溢洪道钢模台车为例,在用ANSYS软件对顶模架初始设计方案进行有限元分析的基础上,利用ANSYS拓扑优化理论对顶模架进行了结构拓扑优化设计,并对拓扑优化后的结构设计方案进行了有限元分析。对比分析结果显示,拓扑优化后的顶模架结构刚度、强度均有一定的提高,且未增加制造难度。     

复杂冲沙廊道系统最优运行方式的数值模拟研究

电站取水口复杂冲沙廊道系统的冲沙孔孔前漏斗范围往往随冲沙流量增加而增大,但相应地,冲沙孔与廊道连接过渡段的压力则迅速减小,并出现较大负压,简单的调度运行方式很难使这种复杂冲沙廊道的压力特性及冲沙漏斗范围均达到较佳,必须进行调度方式的优化研究才能达到此目的。本文采用数值模拟的方法研究了大渡河龙头石水电站取水口冲沙廊道系统的最优运行方式,结果表明,通过改变冲沙孔运行方式,冲沙漏斗范围及冲沙系统压力特性这两个目标可同时达到较优的效果,对类似的取水口冲沙系统运行方式拟定具有重要工程价值和科学意义。     

A Method for Evaluating Sea Dike Safety

To implement the maintenance and management of the sea dike engineering, the qualitative factors and quantitative factors need to be combined to evaluate the sea dike safety. Firstly, the evaluation index system and evaluation grading criterions of sea dike safety are established. Secondly, a new weight structure of evaluation indexes is proposed to combine the subjective weight and objective weight. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method is used to determine the subjective weight and implement the qualitative analysis for sea dike safety. Projection Pursuit algorithm is introduced to calculate the objective weight and implement the quantitative analysis for sea dike safety. Based on the minimum relative information entropy principle, above two weights are combined. Thirdly, an evaluation model of sea dike safety is built with the improved Set Pair Analysis method. Finally, the proposed analysis method is used to assess one sea dike safety in China. It is shown that the combined weight can describe both the subjective information of expert experience and objective variation information of samples values, the uncertainty of information can be handled by the improved Set Pair Analysis method. The evaluation model has the clear physical concepts and intuitive modeling process. The calculation result is reasonable. The proposed method can be applied to sea dike safety evaluation and other complex systems evaluation as well.     

基于农业用水转移背景下的水价改革

水资源供需矛盾突出,产生了农业用水的非农转移。从农业用水转移的理论内涵,阐述了深化水价改革的具体方向和政策措施,指出我国水价管理必须坚持财政、制度、市场三位一体的改革导向。     

基于基覆界面形态特征的某堆积体治理研究

采用基于刚体极限平衡原理的简化毕肖普法,对某堆积体的典型剖面进行了稳定性分析,结果表明,该堆积体在天然工况、暴雨工况、地震工况下均存在不稳定情况,需要对其进行治理。根据覆盖层厚度和基覆界面的形态特征,确定削坡减载和坡面上部支挡+下部削坡减载两种处理方案。经计算,这两种方案均能满足堆积体的稳定要求,说明处理方案是可行的。经对比:第一种方案施工简单,但工程量较大,且涉及到移民安置问题和生态破坏问题;第二种方案虽然施工相对较复杂,但工程量较小,能够取得良好的经济效益,综合考虑经济效益、社会效益等,最终选用第二种方案。     

大型地下石洞油气库人工水幕技术

人工水幕技术,是建造储存石油和天然气的不衬砌石洞地下库的关键。一座总库容为300万m3、9条20 m×30 m×(484~717)m的中国首座大型地下水封洞库建成,标志我国"国家战略石油地下储备库"的梦想成真。给出了人工水幕技术原理、具体实施关键技术以及水封效果。理论分析与初步实践结果表明,在年均降水量736mm的花岗片麻岩内建造储存原油洞库,是切实可行的。首座大型地下水封石洞储库的施工建设技术,对我国后续的国家战略油气地下储库规划实施,起到了示范启迪与借鉴作用。     

对广东省水库移民项目扶持模式多元化的探讨

以广东省为例,总结了其水库移民后期扶持工作的特点,一直走在时代的前列,取得了阶段性成果.为保持其创新性和先进性,针对广东省现阶段注重基础设施建设的“一村一策整村推进”后期扶持方式特点,进一步提出了人力资源综合开发,金融信贷,农业综合开发,第二及第三产业开发等5种水库移民扶持模式,建立了多元化项目扶持的框架,为广东省丰富水库移民扶持方式提供了参考.