Impact of critical source area on AnnAGNPS simulation

The objective of this paper is to study the impact of critical source area (CSA) within an Annualized AGricultural Non-Point Source pollution models (AnnAGNPS) simulation at medium- large watershed scale. The impact of CSA on terrain attributes is examined by comparing six sets of CSA (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 km(2)). The accuracy of AnnAGNPS stimulation on runoff, sediment and nutrient loads on these sets of CSA is further suggested in this paper. The results are as followed: (1) CSA has little effect on watershed area, and terrain altitude. The number of cell and reach decreases with the increase of CSA in power function regression curve. (2) The variation of CSA will lead to the uncertainty of average slope which increase the generalization of land characteristics. At the CSA range of 0.5-1 km(2), there is little impact of CSA on slope. (3) Runoff amount does not vary so much with the variation of CSA whereas soil erosion and total nitrogen (TN) load change prominently. An increase of sediment yield is observed firstly then a decrease following later. There is evident decrease of TN load, especially when CSA is bigger than 6 km(2). Total phosphorus load has little variation with the change of CSA. Results for Dage watershed show that CSA of 1 km(2) is desired to avoid large underestimates of loads. Increasing the CSA beyond this threshold will affect the computed runoff flux but generate prediction errors for nitrogen yields. So the appropriate CSA will control error and make simulation at acceptable level.     

A combined UASB-MBR with shortcut nitrification-denitrification for energy reduction in wastewater reclamation

Shortcut nitrification has been successfully applied in a laboratory scale nitrification-denitrification process consisting of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) in treating synthetic and municipal wastewater to simultaneously remove organic carbon and nitrogen. For the treatment of synthetic wastewater, the combined system exhibited a high TOC removal of 98% with a steady ammonia removal efficiency of about 98% in the MBR and a total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 90%. In treating municipal wastewater, due to its low COD concentration, removal efficiencies of TOC, ammonia and TN were 70%, 98% and 60%, respectively. The biogas production was around 76.4 L/m3 wastewater when treating synthetic wastewater. However, little biogas was produced when treating municipal wastewater which was the result of low organic carbon loading to the UASB. Energy analysis has demonstrated that this novel shortcut nitrification process could consume less energy than a conventional process and have the potential of bio-energy generation via biogas production thus helping to achieve a more favorable energy balance.     

非对称复式断面明渠中污染物输移扩散的大涡模拟

运用大涡模拟计算了两个非对称复式断面明渠内的水流运动和污染物扩散,其中由亚格子尺度涡运动引起的亚格子应力与物质扩散通过Smagorinsky-Lilly亚网格模型模拟.将计算结果与文献中的激光多普勒流速计和激光诱导荧光技术测量的试验数据进行对比,结果表明,计算得到的流场结构和污染物浓度分布均较好地吻合于测量结果.模拟计...     

小湾水电站泄洪洞抗冲耐磨混凝土施工综述

小湾水电站泄洪洞在泄洪时具有高水头、高流速、泄量大的特点,对混凝土冲刷力强,容易产生空蚀破坏.通过合理选择浇筑措施、优选配合比、有效的温度控制以及合理的养护,目前,泄洪洞各方面质量均满足要求,且未发现裂缝.泄洪洞抗冲耐磨混凝土施工及质量控制的成功,为减小泄洪洞过流面空蚀和抗冲耐磨提供了保障.     

观音岩水电站右岸溢流坝段RCC温度场仿真分析

1 引言 观音岩水电站地处四川省攀枝花市,位于横断山纵谷区.挡河大坝由左岸、河中碾压混凝土重力坝和右岸粘土心墙堆石坝组成为混合坝,坝顶总长1158 m,其中混凝土坝部分长838.035 m,心墙堆石坝部分长319.965 m.混凝土坝部分坝顶高程为1139 m,心墙堆石坝部分坝顶高程为1141 m,两坝型间坝顶通过5%的坡相连.碾压混凝土重力坝部分最大坝高为159 m,心墙堆石坝部分最大坝高71 m.     

我国山洪灾害防治技术研究综述

针对我国防洪减灾工作中亟待解决的山洪灾害问题,总结了国内山洪灾害防治技术的研究成果,从山洪灾害的成因、预测预报技术、预警技术、监测预警系统建设、灾情风险评估技术、形成机理、防治区划及防治对策等7个方面对我国山洪灾害防治技术主要成果进行分析,探讨了当前存在的不足及今后研究的方向。     

光伏提水技术研究与应用

光伏提水是涉及太阳能采集与变换、电力电子、电机、水泵等多门学科专业综合配套的一门新兴技术,因其符合新能源战略发展的需要而备受关注和重视。基于研究和推广应用需要,在回顾了光伏提水技术发展历程的基础上,介绍了近年国内出现的几种有代表性的光伏提水装置,对它们的类型和系统结构进行了分析,探讨了光伏提水技术在我国特别是西部干旱缺水地区推广应用的前景和价值。     

黄河下游2010年汛前调水调沙河势监测分析

利用环境减实卫星遥感监测影像,分析了2010年黄河调水调沙下游河势现状,并通过对比近几年河势变化情况,分析了调水调沙对河势的影响。结果表明:①经过多年调水调沙,黄河下游河道主槽刷深,过流能力大大增强,河势也相对稳定;②一些原来靠溜较好的工程,如驾部、南裹头、马庄、马渡险工等,有脱河脱溜的趋势,建议对这些河段加强河势变化监测;③在多年调水调沙作用下,毛庵—三官庙、黑岗口—东坝头河段工程靠溜状况趋好,河势逐步向有利方向发展,尤其是柳园口—欧坦工程河段,大部分原来不靠河的工程开始逐步靠溜,当前河势较为顺畅。     

西南干旱地区城市水系规划研究——以昆明高新产业基地为例

针对西南干旱地区干湿分明,雨季单点暴雨强度大,旱季水资源不足,地形坡度大等特点,以昆明高新产业基地开发建设为例,运用斑块-廊道-基质模式理论以及集聚间有离析最优格局理论,对区域现状水系进行梳理及改造,结合水系功能的转变,构建与城市发展相适宜的防洪与景观体系。通过对河道、池塘特征的系统分析研究,确定了水系的生态需水量。根据生态需水量的研究成果,提出了利用上游水库、区域内库塘蓄水及城市再生水等满足生态需水要求的措施,保证旱季生态需水要求,满足水系生态系统在不同时期的完整性。     

长江藕池口水道平面二维水沙数学模型研究

针对三峡水库蓄水以后,藕池口水道滩槽格局稳定性下降,航道条件持续恶化的情况,开展了水道演变相关研究工作。模拟并预测了这一典型弯曲分汊河段在新水沙条件下的演变趋势。研究结果表明,三峡水库蓄水以后,该水道倒口窑心滩从生成到并岸的周期性演变规律并未发生本质性变化,且该区域可能在倒口窑心滩并岸之后发育新的心滩;航宽有不断变窄的趋势,建议及早展开系统治理,以保证该航道稳定的通航条件。