国际生态系统服务付费的生态政治经济学批判研究——智力重商主义与特许权公平

文章旨在探讨国际生态系统服务付费(IPES)的生态政治经济学问题。以"减少发展中国家砍伐森林和森林退化导致的温室气体排放联合国合作方案(REDD)"为例,文章提出以下问题:IPES机制对热带国家原住民造成影响的方式可能是什么?有观点认为,对REED一类的生态系统服务付费(PES)机制进行评价时,不应只关注分配权公平问题(各方是否分得足够的蛋糕?),还应关注特许权公平问题(是否所有人都想参与分蛋糕?),并指出IPES机制没有考虑特许权公平问题,反映出了某种形式的智力重商主义——将现有地方可得资源重新定义为"可在国际上进行交易的投机性商品",实现财富从新经济体向旧经济体的转移。文章运用德勒泽克和斯蒂文森讨论协商制度时所提出的规范政治理论,对两个实证案例——REDD+社会与环境标准(即REDD+SES)和YASUNI-ITT环保项目进行了讨论。     

生态经济科学思想的产生

1、马克思和恩格斯思想的背景对于马克思和恩格斯来说,离开了在自然界中的进化和借助于工真改造自然的共同劳动,人就是不可思议的。人和自然是辩证的关系,人们改造了自然,因而也改造了自己,这正是人自身的自然本质。对于人,自然可以被定义为环境的物质和力,环境创造人、随之也为人所改造;同时,人也可以被定义为与其环境相互作用的自然改造者。这样,马克思和恩格斯就在德国动物学家厄恩斯特·海克尔1869年杜撰术语“生态学”(Oekologie)以前,更远在流行的“生态危机”和“能源危机”之前,对生态学有了一个接近的理解。     

风险管理，你犯错了吗？

我们无法预测“黑天鹅事件”的发生,与其一味幻想可以执掌未来,防堵风险,不如设法降低此类威胁带来的不良影响。     

东南亚地区潮汐能开发利用展望

简要介绍了潮汐能的开发背景及其关键特征,概述了潮汐资源在全球,特别是东南亚地区的分布情况,揭示了潮汐能利用技术的主要因素,并对其在东南亚地区的发展机遇和挑战进行了评述与展望。     

喀麦隆水电开发前景

喀麦隆面临着极为严重的能源短缺问题,工业、企业和居民用电紧缺.该国水电资源丰富,水电开发是解决制约该国经济发展的能源短缺问题的重大举措.介绍了喀麦隆电力行业的现状,以及近期的水电开发计划.英国CDC集团同意开发喀麦隆的曼维莱水电工程,可能带动对该地区的进一步投资.     

非洲水电开发现状及展望

非洲逐渐将水电视为满足其日益增长的能源需求的来源。介绍了非洲目前正在建设或初步规划的几座大型水电工程,并对其未来的水电开发进行了展望。     

The laminar/turbulent transition in a sludge pipeline

Globally, wastewater treatment plants are under pressure to handle high concentration sludge in a sludge treatment line. Unawareness of the non-Newtonian behaviour of the thickened sludge has the potential to cause unexpected problems when the fluid behaviour changes from turbulent to laminar flow. In this study, sludge apparent viscosity was plotted as a function of total suspended solids concentration (TSS) and shear rate. Then, the transition velocity based on several predictive models in the literature was determined. This analysis provides a practical basis for the prediction of the pipe flow behaviour of thickened sludge in troubleshooting and engineering design.     

Simple and efficient ion imprinted polymer for recovery of uranium from environmental samples

Ion imprinted polymer material (IIP) was prepared by forming ternary complexes of uranyl imprint ion with 1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperazine and methacrylic acid followed by thermal copolymerization with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linking monomer in the presence of 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) initiator and 2-methoxy ethanol porogenic solvent. HCl solution (5 mol/L) was used to leach out the uranyl template ion from the IIP particles. Similarly, the control polymer (CP) material was also prepared exactly under the same conditions as the IIP but without the uranyl ion template. Various parameters such as solution pH, initial concentration, aqueous phase volume, sorbent dosage, contact time and leaching solution volumes were investigated. SEM, IR and BET-surface area and pore size analysis were used for the characterization of IIP and CP materials. The extraction efficiency of the IIP and CP was compared using a batch and SPE mode of extraction. The optimal pH for quantitative removal is 4.0-8.0, sorbent amount is 20 mg, contact time is 20 min and the retention capacity is 120 mg of uranyl ion per g of IIP. The IIP prepared demonstrated superior selectivity towards coexisting cations and therefore it can be used for selective removal of uranium from complex matrices.