A note on the equality of distribution of child mortality: Java-Bali, 1950-1976

Infant mortality is a widely recognized social indicator that is a useful index of the relative socioeconomic condition of subgroups of the population of a developing country. In developed countries, a more appropriate indicator of mortality is the proportion of babies who die before they reach their 5th birthday. 3 birth cohorts are identified from data provided by the Indonesian Fertility Survey conducted in Java and Bali in 1976 in order to examine the trend in mortality: births occurring 15 or more years before the survey, 10-14 years before the survey, and 5-9 years before the survey. 4 characteristics of parents related to education, occupation and urban vs. rural residence are used to analyze child mortality trends. A table shows the estimates for various combinations of these characteristics. Child mortality has decreased, but more importantly, it has decreased most for parents on the low end of the socioeconomic scale. Either parent having secondary education appears to be the key factor in the experience of low child mortality, although as more parents achieve secondary education, another factor may emerge as more important.     

拉丁美洲水电项目进展

在拉丁美洲众多水电项目中,秘鲁的切夫斯工程和奥尔莫斯工程,以及巴拿马奇里基梯级水电站项目进展较为顺利,这些项目因地下开挖及隧洞施工难度大而备受关注.目前切夫斯水电站处于施工前期阶段,奥尔莫斯引水项目近期将完成TBM施工,奇里基梯级水电站项目施工进展则介于前两者之间.介绍了这3个水电项目的施工进展情况.     

Replacing dichromate with hydrogen peroxide in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test

The widely used standard method for chemical oxygen demand (COD) involves hazardous chromium species, and its two-hour heating protocol entails a substantial amount of energy expenditure. In the present work we report a proof of concept for a major modification of this method in the range 10-800 mgCOD/L, whereby H2O2 is proposed as a replacement oxidizer. This modification not only reduces the use of unsafe chromium species but also allows for the use of milder conditions that decrease the total energy outlay. The results are comparable with those obtained either with the standard method or with a commercial Hach? kit.     

使用遥感数据监测南亚旱情

南亚国家经常发生旱灾,严重的旱灾会造成水资源短缺、经济损失及其他社会不良影响。目前,由于机构和技术方面的限制,影响了南亚国家抗旱和减轻旱灾的能力,有关机构和公众得不到旱灾及其旱情发展程度方面的信息。介绍了接近实时的遥测干旱和报告系统,及其在南亚一些国家和地区的应用情况。     

SOLUTE TRANSPORT THROUGH THE VADOSE ZONE:FIELD STUDIES

ＳＯＬＵＴＥＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＴＨＲＯＵＧＨＴＨＥＶＡＤＯＳＥＺＯＮＥ：ＦＩＥＬＤＳＴＵＤＩＥＳ￥ＹｅＺｉ－ｔｏｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＨｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃＥｎｇ．，ＷｕｈａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＨｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃａｎｄＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃＥｎｇ...     

TWO-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF FLOWS IN PLANE-WALL DIFFUSERS

A numerical model has been developed for computing turbulent flow in plane-walldiffuser.The model solves the weakly compressible flow equations with the application of theSmagorinsky's subgrid-scale turbulence model and the boundary conditions of partial slip and noslip at the solid wall.Application examples include two-dimensional calculations of unstalled andstalled flows in diffusers of small diverging angle,as well as transitory stall flow in a symmetricdiffuser of 16°total angle.For the unstalled and stalled flows,the calculated pressure recoveryand velocity profile are compared with experimental data.For the transitory stall flow,the com-putational result shows the unsteady flow features including the vortex shedding and stallwashout phenomena that have been experimentally observed.