ON THE CALCULATION OF FLOW OVER AND THROUGH A ROCK-FILL DAM

1.INTRODUCTIONInthedesignofanovertoppedrock--filldam,oneofthemajortasksistodecidethesizeofthedownstreamprotection.Theovertoppedrock--filldamismadeofporousmedia,thereforethewaterwillpenetrateintothedamfromtheupperfaceandemergeoutofitfromthelowerpart,whileitflowsoverthedam.Hence,theprotectionissubjectedtotheactionofboththeoverflowandtheseepageflow,andneitherofthemcanbenegligible.Inthiscase,theflowfieldconsistsoftwoparts:theopenflowandtheseepageflow,whichhavedifferentproperties.Infact,forthe…     

Population and labour force growth and patterns in ASEAN countries

"The paper shows that the diverse labor dimensions prevailing in the ASEAN region can be attributed to changes in the structure of the society and economy in the course of recent economic development. It observes the considerable variety in the growth of the population and its effect on the labor force in the ASEAN region.... The paper details the similarity and diversity in the level and type of labor force participation rates. A common feature shared by ASEAN countries is a general pattern in the age-specific participation rate of men. In contrast, the women, aside from participating in the labor force at a much lower level than men at almost all ages, display diverse patterns of participation over the working age range. Lastly, the distribution of the labor force according to major industrial sectors in the six ASEAN countries is presented...."     

Urban development patterns in Indonesia

The author examines recent urban development in Indonesia. "Analysis of urban developments in Indonesia has been hampered in the past by weak data. Recently, the National Urban Development Strategy (NUDS) project has generated a set of improved data. This paper aims at elaborating and supplementing the NUDS study. After a discussion of definitional problems, an analysis is carried out of urban growth rates at the provincial level. Private investment is shown to be a principal determinant of urban growth rates. Other significant determinants are rural immigration and the present level of urbanisation. Private investment is shown to be strongly biased towards provinces with large urban areas. In addition, polarisation is studied at the level of individual cities. It is found that a period of rapidly increasing polarisation has come to an end during the last decade."     

The CEO as organizational architect: an interview with Xerox's Paul Allaire. Interview by Robert Howard

As chairman and CEO of the Xerox Corporation, Paul Allaire leads a company that is a microcosm of the changes transforming American business. With the introduction of the first plain-paper copier in 1959, Xerox invented a new industry and launched itself on a decade of spectacular growth. But easy growth led Xerox to neglect the fundamentals of its core business, leaving the company vulnerable to low-cost Japanese competition. Starting in the mid-1980s, Xerox embarked on a long-term effort to regain its dominant position in world copier markets and to create a new platform for future growth. Thanks to the company's Leadership through Quality program, Xerox became the first major U.S. company to win back market share from the Japanese. Allaire describes his efforts to take Xerox's corporate transformation to a new level. Since becoming CEO in 1990, he has repositioned Xerox as "the document company" at the intersection of the worlds of paper-based and electronic information. And he has guided the company through a fundamental redesign of what he calls the "organizational architecture" of Xerox's document processing business. Few CEOs have approached the process of organizational redesign as systematically and methodically as Allaire has. He has created a new corporate structure that balances independent business divisions with integrated R&D and customer operations organizations. He has redefined managerial roles and responsibilities, changed the way managers are selected and compensated, and renewed the company's senior management ranks. And he has articulated the new values and behaviors Xerox managers will need to thrive in a more competitive and fast-changing business environment.     

The Harris-Todaro model and economies of scale

The authors attempt to reanalyze the Harris-Todaro migration model in the presence of economies of scale in the manufacturing sector, focusing on economies of scale that are external to a given firm but internal to the industry.     

富士通:完全解决客户的问题

如今,消费者和供应方所面对的挑战,就是要找出更好的办法,来纠正实际使用过程中确实出现的问题,如缺陷产品(这些产品往往是由不同的组织各自设计的)、损坏或不相匹配等。所幸的是,精益方法能够使我们稳步迈向极少出问题的精益消费过程。其中关键的做法是,把对每一个“消费问题”的智能型反馈收集起来。这将使现有问题得到迅速而彻底的纠正,同时避免同类问题今后再度发生。真实的企业面对真实的客户真的能实施这样的智能型反馈吗?在研究中我们高兴地发现,欧洲最大的IT支持服务供应方之一的富士通服务公司(FujitsuServices),已经令人信服地…     

减少汽车业的浪费

汽车制造商和零件供应商可以节省巨大开支，但前提是双方要更为紧密地合作在一起麦肯锡的研究表明，北美汽车业每年在产品开发和组装过程中由于汽车生产商与供应商缺乏良好的计划和协调不当，造成了超过100亿美元的浪费。事实上．这只是较为保守的估算。因为我们的研究仅涵盖了供应商发生的成本，如：附加设计、生产工具最后改型和零件自身的附加成本。这还不包括因设计问题生产商需额外支付的改型费用、生产问题引发的车辆最终成本的增加或质保支出。这几项每年给汽车行业带来的浪费约为120亿美元。     

哈林顿专栏检验、纠正、预防、选择:质量工作者的角色转变

回顾自己40年的质量工作生涯,我认为可以将质量工作大致划分为四个阶段: 检验:20世纪70年代我们关注检验.质量组织致力于防止制造商装运不符合规范的产品.质量工作者是顾客的保护者,几乎会跑去躺在卡车前面,阻止制造商将不合格产品装车后带离码头.质量工作者的基本角色是警察.制造过程中约10%的工作与质量保证性检验相关.这属于质量控制范畴.     

关于启动公务卡结算方式的思考

推行公务卡结算方式是财政国库管理制度改革的重要配套措施之一,对于规范预算单位公务支出,提高资金使用效益,打造阳光、廉洁、高效政府有着重要意义。许多省(市)根据本地实际,进行了公务卡结算方式试点,具体形式可归纳为两种模式:天津模式(备用金模式)和湖北模式(零余额模式)。陕西省一些单位也进行了公务卡结算试点,取得了初步的经验,对在全省推行公务卡结算方式有了借鉴作用。