AN ANALYSIS OF THE OXYGEN BALANCE IN AN ANOXIC TIDAL RIVER

ＡＮＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＴＨＥＯＸＹＧＥＮＢＡＬＡＮＣＥＩＮＡＮＡＮＯＸＩＣＴＩＤＡＬＲＩＶＥＲＪｏｓｅｐｈＨ．Ｗ．Ｌｅｅ，Ｋ．Ｗ．Ｃｈｏｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｉｖｉｌａｎｄＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆ...     

Dynamic strength of concrete

Power Technology and Engineering -     

An economic input-output analysis for urban stormwater quality planning

A new approach using input-output techniques is proposed for the analysis of urban stormwater pollution caused by urban land development. The input-output model provides projections of sectoral outputs within an urban region. By defining land as an input to production, these output projections may be translated into projections of commercial and industrial land development. Furthermore, the closed version of the input-output model is used to project residential land development as a function of projected wage income. The pollutant generation in urban stormwater is related to the quantity of each category of land development by a pollutant coefficient matrix. Thus, the model can be used to predict the impact of various economic growth scenarios on pollution loadings in runoff water. This will help planners in assessing the environmental costs of various scenarios, and in preparing for remedial actions. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the applications of the model.     

Monitoring and evaluation of an irrigation system

Monitoring and evaluation of irrigation projects has been a neglected subject in the past. While some lip service has been given to this subject, with few exceptions, it has received very little attention or consideration as a part of the overall management process for the projects. It is argued that without a continuing and effective monitoring and evaluation system, it is unlikely that the project benefits can be achieved or they will be optimal. A comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system is recommended for irrigation projects at four interrelated levels: planning, design and construction of physical facilities; operation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage facilities; agricultural production and achievement of socio‐economic objectives.     

欧盟一些成员国在水管理中经济手段的运用

在环境管理方面,欧洲委员会鼓励在取水和排放污水管理中应用经济手段。欧盟成员越来越多地采用经济手段,以之作为许可证制度基础上的、传统的“命令和控制”管理途径的补充。然而,在不同的欧盟成员国,收费办法的制定与目的以及收费的水平相差很大。探讨法国、德国、荷兰以及英格兰和威尔士所采用的取水和排放污水收费办法,评估收费办法对取水和排污的影响,分析采用激励性收费办法的可行性。