美、欧、日、韩等国物联网产业的发展战略及其对我国的启示

物联网作为世界信息产业的第三次革命性浪潮,引起了世界各国的广泛关注。分析了信息产业较发达的美国、欧盟、日本、韩国等提出的物联网发展战略与计划,在此基础上,调查并总结了目前我国物联网发展和建设的现状,提出了针对我国物联网技术和产业发展战略的若干对策和建议。     

欧盟环境政策的新发展及启示

近年来,欧盟环境政策的改革和发展备受关注,在第六个环境行动计划即将结束之际,欧盟又提出了一系列环境行动指南和规划,包括生态创新行动计划、生态管理和审核计划、环境合规性援助计划、资源效率路线图、海洋战略框架、绿色公共采购等。本文对上述欧盟环境政策的最新发展进行了系统分析,并对其整体政策效果做出了评价,最后指出了欧盟环境政策对我国环境政策制定的启示和借鉴。     

模块化设计中的价值管理

模块化设计作为新产业结构的本质特征,实际上是工业时代产品标准化概念的延伸和发展。它既强调产品的统一性和各部分的标准化,同时又强调产品整体最优和各部分的创新性。分解组合思想是其基本思想所在,即将大系统“化整为零”,分解成为若干小系统,实现小系统局部最优和将小系统“合零为整”,使之相互协调配合,实现大系统全局最优的结合。文中运用系统评价的价值分析方法,以功能为核心对系统进行分解,使具有协同作用的模块的组合形成功能组合,达到整体功能最优,从而实现功能放大的效果,同时通过个别模块的替代或特定模块的升级带动整体功能的替换或功能水平的提升。由此看来,将价值管理应用于模块化设计中,为多样化时代的标准化工作提供了新的技术管理方式和思维方式。     

去产能背景下矿区转型绿色产业体系构建

随着国家积极推进煤炭行业去产能,寻找支撑产业、实现产业绿色转型成为矿区生存与发展的新课题。以申家庄煤矿转型建设特色小镇为案例,基于其产业转型PMIF框架和SWOT分析,从产业定位、原则和“光伏+”全产业链设计3方面详细解构其绿色产业体系,探索矿区践行产业绿色转型和发展循环经济的新思路与新模式。     

高阶梯队理论视角下控制权对不同背景领导者与研发投入间关系的调节机制

从高阶理论和委托-代理理论出发,利用2007—2015年中国沪深两市上市公司公开披露的数据,考察了实际控制人的控制权、具有不同专业背景的领导者与研发投入的关系,厘清了控制权对具有不同专业背景的领导者对研发投入影响的作用机制。实证结果表明,控制权是具有不同专业背景的领导者与研发投入之间的调节变量。具体而言:具有技术背景的领导者对研发投入的影响随着实际控制人控制权的增大而减小;具有社科背景的领导者对研发投入的影响随着实际控制人控制权的增大而增大。     

数字化转型如何影响企业韧性？ ——基于双元创新视角

数字化转型是促进企业韧性形成并塑造竞争优势的重要手段。通过以广东省、江苏省等地区的339家企业为研究样本,实证研究发现:数字化转型对企业韧性具有显著正向影响;其中,数字化转型分别对探索式创新和利用式创新具有积极促进作用;同时,双元创新对企业韧性具有显著正向影响。进一步地,企业通过探索式创新和利用式创新分别在数字化转型对企业韧性的影响中起部分中介作用。研究从双元创新视角揭示了数字化转型对企业韧性的作用机制,验证了数字化转型与企业韧性的关系,也为实施数字化转型的企业通过双元创新来提升企业韧性应对不确定性风险提供了理论指导。     

企业规模与货币政策的非对称效应

在金融加速器模型的基础上,本文构建了含有企业异质性的动态随机一般均衡模型,并以此考察了我国货币政策对不同规模企业的非对称效应。研究结果表明,相对于大企业,中小企业更易受到紧缩性货币政策冲击的影响,中小企业产出下降幅度约是大企业的三倍。造成这种非对称效应的主要原因在于中小企业外部融资受到限制。此外,货币政策冲击通过信贷市场放大了经济波动,经济中存在着明显的金融加速器效应现象。因此,央行在制定货币政策时应考虑到货币政策对不同规模企业的非对称效应,并谨慎选择名义利率的调整幅度。     

Convergence,technological interdependence and spatial externalities: a spatial dynamic panel data analysis

This study adopts a spatial dynamic panel data approach and spatial quasi-maximum likelihood to re-estimate the speed of growth convergence in 91 countries based on technological interdependence and spatial externalities. We perform a conditional Lagrange multiplier test for spatial error dependence and find some differences to previous studies. First, the switch from a cross-sectional to a dynamic panel data framework enables the estimated rate of conditional convergence to be higher, more accurate and more appropriate for realistic and theoretical expectations. Second, the spatial Durbin model (SDM) is a general form of simplified model that considers spatial error correlation, and its likelihood ratio test for the theoretical model of ‘learning by doing’ effect provides further evidence. Finally, statistical tests find that spatial correlation not only occurs in each variable, but also appears in the error term. Thus, the SDM does not exist in the assumptions associated with the spatial error, which are not necessarily correct.     

Climate threshold,financial hoarding and economic growth

We use an iterative finite difference method to establish theoretical models that reflect the relationships among climate threshold, financial hoarding and economic growth. We build a simultaneous equations model to conduct an empirical analysis based on China’s statistical data from 1979 to 2012. Our study yields the following results: China’s climate threshold has shown a zigzag-shaped rising trend since 1979; the main reasons for the rapid expansion of financial hoarding were high savings rate, savings leakage, higher marginal efficiency of financial hoarding compared to capital efficiency or higher internal creativity of the financial sector; there were positive cumulative effects between financial hoarding and economic growth, which were significantly inhibited by climate threshold; the climate threshold had discrepant influences on different industries. To achieve a balanced economy, more money should be invested in the real sector to appropriately reduce the rate of savings leakage; the financial sector should move from scale expansion to service efficiency improvements to increase its marginal contribution to the economy and to enhance capital efficiency; the real sector should improve technological innovation and speed up the adaptive adjustment in climate-sensitive industries to move from economic growth to advanced development.     

Demand disruption and coordination of supply chain via effort and revenue sharing

This article explores the equilibrium behaviour of a basic supplier–retailer distribution channel under demand disruption via effort and revenue sharing contract. This differs from the traditional supply chain coordination model. Firstly, demand is simultaneously affected by retail price and nonprice marketing effort from manufacturers and retailers. Secondly, when the demand is disrupted, this article considers disruptions in the market scale and price sensitivity coefficient. Thirdly, the supply chain coordination model is proposed via effort and revenue sharing contract. In this way, the manufacturer reduces the wholesale price as an incentive for the retailer to share revenue. Finally, the total supply chain profit is greater with contract than no contract. This also constitutes another incentive for the players to follow the effort and revenue sharing contract.