政府分权促进了政策创新吗?

传统观点认为,政府分权因考虑到了地方政府所进行的一些同步实验而促进了政策创新。然而,这里却忽视了一个学习外部性问题：成功的政策实验为所有政府提供了有用的信息。虽然地方政府忽视了它。但中央政府却不应该如此。本文使用社会学习模型对集权和分权情况下的政策创新进行了比较。结论是：倘若地方政府相对同质或者数量较大,集权将比分权导致更多的政策创新;而如果有多种实验政策可供利用的话,分权也许会比集权能引发更多的政策创新。     

The value of youth: equalizing age differentials in marriages

"The objective of this paper is to present a model of constrained utility-maximizing behaviour which is able to explain several features of marriage. The model predicts that individuals meet in the marriage market and trade characteristics, in which they are relatively well endowed, to obtain characteristics in which they are less well endowed. The model implies a positive age differential in favour of the husband due to biological differences. This differential is shown to be attentuated by differences in earnings capacity and human capital investments. The model also has implications for dynamic aspects of marriage and provides an explanation for the secular increase in females' age of first marriage and difficulty experienced by females in the post thirty-year age group in finding suitable partners. An examination of unit record data on residents of metropolitan California from the 1980 United States Census reveals systematic patterns in the data are consistent with the theory."     

Nothing is so good it can't be made better

The concept of continuous improvement can be viewed from the perspectives of the elimination of waste or the improvement of quality. The waste elimination approach attacks all forms of waste, whereas quality improvement uses the concept of total customer satisfaction. This article describes an eight-step model for continuous improvement that addresses waste elimination and customer satisfaction.     

广东温泉度假酒店顾客体验实证研究——以广东碧水湾温泉度假村为例

本文以广东碧水湾温泉度假村为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集数据,采用探索性因子分析得到数据的内在因子结构,接着运用结构方程模型分析顾客体验、体验价值、顾客满意度和顾客忠诚度四个变量之间的相关关系。研究结果表明:顾客体验对体验价值有显著正向影响;顾客体验对顾客满意度有显著正向影响;体验价值对顾客满意度有显著正向影响;顾客满意度对顾客忠诚度有正向影响。其中顾客体验是沟通顾客与酒店的重要中介变量,本文亦从顾客体验的角度出发为广东温泉度假酒店提出有效建议。     

Retirements at risk: employees lack a comprehensive, realistic view of resources and needs

Employees who are following conventional retirement-planning advice will be in for a rude awakening as they approach retirement and discover that they can't afford to retire just yet or are likely to outlive their retirement funds. The article discusses how we have arrived at this point, what the implications are, and what both employers and employees can do to remedy the situation.     

逆向选择与资源配置效应

古典经济学中,往往假设市场中的所有参与者对有关交易的对象都具备完全、充分的信息,并因此通过市场这只“看不见的手”,使资源达到最优。实际上,现实世界是纷繁复杂的,在市场上往往有一些信息某些参与者拥有,而另一些参与者不拥有,这就是所谓的非对称信息。一旦这种情况出现,市场的运行将会出现新的特点,本文拟就非对称信息所引起的逆向选择问题做一粗浅的探讨。 　　一、何谓逆向选择 　　逆向选择是指在买卖双方信息非对称的情况下,差的商品总是将好的商品驱逐出市场。逆向选择的典型例子是在保险市场。例如你要投健康保险,你…