进出口商品检验史上的一个新的里程碑－－浅议修改的《商检法》

２００２年１０月１日起，新修改的《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法》（以下简称《商检法》）正式施行了。新修改的《商检法》对于加强进出口商品检验工作，推动我国对外经贸事业的发展，对维护国家经济安全必将起到一个更加积极的促进作用。它是完善中国商检法律制度的重要举措，是我国进出口商品检验史上一个新的里程碑，是我国加入世界贸易组织后修改的第一部法律。修改后的《商检法》更规范，更清楚，更明确，重点更突出，条文的表述更准确，更统一了。一、修改后的《商检法》充分体现了依法治国和依法行政的方针“依法治国”，“建设…     

重力坝深(底)孔断面钢筋混凝土模型试验研究

文通过7个小尺寸和1个大尺寸的钢筋混凝土断面模型试验，研究重力坝深(底)孔在坝体自重和内水压力以及超内水压力作用下的结构特性和破坏规律。重点探讨混凝土和钢筋应力应变、混凝土开裂、裂缝宽度和裂缝扩展规律，为建立更为科学的孔口配筋理论提供依据。     

The Why's of Business Revisited

One can determine the nature of something by asking what it is for. For example one understands what a chair is when one understands it is for sitting on. This involves understanding its purpose. One type of corporation is the for-profit-corporation. This seems to indicate that this type of corporation, the business corporation, has as its purpose to make a profit. Is that as obvious as it first appears? The favorite way for philosophers to arrive at the "purpose" of anything is to ask the question "Why?" But there are at least two answers to the question "Why"? when addressed to a social practice such as business. One might be asking for a psychological account (explanation) of "Why" a person does business, and this is primarily answered by discovering the motives behind business activity; or one might be asking for a justificatory reason (justification) for the practice – what purpose legitimates business as a human activity. These two answers are often conflated and thus the purpose of business is often considered to be answered by giving the psychological account of the self-interested profit-making motive. This paper will attempt to highlight the importance of making the distinction between motive and purpose clearly, show what confusions arise when the distinction is ignored, and hint at some of the structural philosophical reasons why the distinction got blurred in the first place.     

Nonparametric estimation of distribution functions

Summary Using Silverman and Young’s (1987) idea of rescaling a rescaled smoothed empirical distribution function is defined and investigated when the smoothing parameter depends on the data. The rescaled smoothed estimator is shown to be often better than the commonly used ordinary smoothed estimator.     

氧化微晶蜡生产的技术经济分析

简要介绍了微晶蜡氧化工艺及氧化微晶蜡产品特点，并对其进行了初步经济评价，同时对氧化微晶蜡下游产品如防锈蜡，乳化蜡及塑料润滑用蜡等进行了市场分析，最后给出了氧化微晶蜡下游产品生产的若干建议。     

The effect of accounting firm size and member rank on professionalism

The relationship between the number of employees in a firm, their rank, and the level of professionalism among firm members is evaluated in 19 accounting firms, involving 325 accountants engaged in public practice. Professionalism is measured using five individual traits plus a composite. Results indicate that one trait (i.e. a belief that the profession provides a service to society) and the composite were inversely related to firm size. Rank or position in the firm hierarchy demonstrated an even stronger, independent effect on three professionalism traits and the composite, with higher member rank associated with higher levels of professionalism. Issues related to the future study of professionalism among accountants are discussed.     

浅谈中小型水利水电工程施工质量监督——曲靖市水城水库扩建工程质量监督工作体会

曲靖水城水库扩建工程是云南省“九五”期间重点水利工程项目之一。水库上游径流面积１９０ｋｍ~２，多年平均径流量６３３７万ｍ~３，水库设计总库容为４９２７万ｍ~３，设计灌溉面积８．２７万亩，工业供水７００万ｍ~３，防洪保护面积０．３万亩。工程由首部枢纽和灌渠两部分组成，首部枢纽包括主坝、副坝、导流泄洪隧洞、输水隧洞和非常溢洪道等建筑物组成，灌区工程包括总干渠和东、西、南、北４条干渠。主坝为风化料心墙堆石坝，坝顶长６２１ｍ，最大坝高５９．２ｍ，副坝为分区土坝，坝顶长９７０ｍ、　最大坝高１９．２ｍ；导流泄洪…     

Anaerobic co-digestion of sludge with other organic wastes in small wastewater treatment plants: an economic considerations evaluation.

This paper deals with an economic comparison between costs and incomes in small wastewater treatment plants where the anaerobic co-digestion process of sludge and biowaste with energy recovery is operated. Plants in the size range 1,000-30,000 persons equivalent (pe) were considered in the study: typical costs, comprehensive of capital and operating costs, were in the range euro69-105 per person per year depending on the plant size: the smaller the size the higher the specific cost. The incomes deriving from taxes and fees for wastewater treatment are generally in the range euro36-54 per person per year and can only partially cover costs in small wastewater treatment plants. However, the co-treatment of biowaste and the use of produced energy for extra credits (green certificates) determine a clear improvement in the possible revenues from the plant. These were calculated to be euro23-25 per person per year; as a consequence the costs and incomes can be considered comparable for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with size larger than 10,000 pe. Therefore, anaerobic co-digestion of biowaste and sludge can also be considered a sustainable solution for small wastewater treatment plants in rural areas where several different kinds of biowaste are available to enhance biogas production in anaerobic reactors.