两种不同深度处理工艺生物泄漏及有机物去除情况研究

对A水厂先炭后砂及B水厂先砂后炭两种臭氧-生物活性炭工艺各环节的小型生物分布情况进行了分析,并对两种工艺的出厂水CODMn进行了检测。研究结果表明,以浮游植物、浮游动物为代表的微型生物群落在经过两种不同深度处理工艺后,小型生物的去除率达到了90%~100%,只要根据季节控制冲洗频率和强度,加强工艺管理,生物泄漏能得到有效控制,出水水质稳定。此外,B水厂工艺相对于A水厂工艺有明显的优势,处理效果好,活性炭的寿命增加,从有机物CODMn的去除效果来看,尽管B水厂比A水厂早运行2年,但全程去除率要优于A水厂的去除率。     

基于FAHP法的水工钢闸门安全评价

鉴于现行水工钢闸门安全检测评估中许多评价指标带有经验性和不完整性,缺乏完整的评估体系和理论支持,在水工钢闸门现有理论成果和现行国家有关标准基础上,建立多层次综合评估模型,对水工钢闸门进行模糊综合评估,并将该模型得到的结果与传统结果对比分析。所得成果可为相关研究提供参考。     

Effective degradation of para-chloronitrobenzene through a sequential treatment using zero-valent iron reduction and Fenton oxidation

In this study, zero-valent iron (ZVI) was used to pretreat para-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB), and the major product was para-chloroaniline (p-CAN). By adding H(2)O(2) directly, further p-CAN degradation can be attributed to Fenton oxidation because ferrous ions (Fe(2+)) released during the ZVI corrosion could be used as an activator for H(2)O(2) decomposition. In the reduction process, the reduction efficiency of p-CNB as well as Fe(2+) concentration increased with increasing iron dosage and decreasing solution pH. Under the optimal conditions, 25 mg L(-1) of p-CNB could be transformed in 3 h when initial solution pH was 3.0 and ZVI dosage was 2.0 g L(-1). A sufficient amount of Fe(2+) (50.4 mg L(-1)) was obtained after the above reaction to activate H(2)O(2). In the Fenton process, the oxidization of p-CAN was also more effective in acidic conditions and it increased with increasing H(2)O(2) concentration. The control experiments showed that the sequential treatment was more effective than Fenton oxidation alone in treating p-CNB wastewater since the removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) was improved by about 34%. It suggested that the amino function group is more susceptible to oxidative radical attack than the nitro function group. Therefore, sequential treatment using zero-valent iron reduction followed by Fenton oxidation is a promising method for p-CNB degradation.     

江西袁河流域水环境容量分配研究

为研究袁河流域的水环境容量,根据流域实际情况,选择沿河各县的总人口、GDP、排污量和水资源量进行水环境容量分配。对初始水环境容量采用基尼系数法对分配结果进行公平性评估,并与估算环境容量值进行比较,最终,取值小者确定流域容量分配方案。结果表明：各方案指标的基尼系数值均小于0.20,分配结果均较公平;经济为主要影响因素的方案d为最优方案;芦溪县与宜春市的最终分配量均为环境容量值,分别为3 896,10 245 t/a;新余市为可分配的容量值30 596 t/a。     

饮用水深度处理工艺活性炭运行生命周期探讨

通过试验和对生产性活性炭池运行情况的调查分析,对臭氧-活性炭饮用水深度处理工艺中活性炭去除有机物的规律、活性炭使用寿命(生命周期)的影响因素及评判指标进行了探讨,并对机理进行了分析.活性炭吸附期和使用寿命与进水水质、臭氧投加量、炭池滤速及出水要求等因素有关,臭氧氧化主要是通过提高进水可降解有机碳与总有机碳的比值,起到延长生物活性炭运行寿命的作用,活性炭的吸附参数不能作为活性炭生命周期的唯一判定指标,出水水质限值是控制活性炭生命周期时间点的最重要参数.     

臭氧消毒技术研究进展

主要综述了臭氧消毒技术的研究现状,包括消毒机理以及主要影响因素,如温度、pH、有机物、颗粒物和无机离子等对消毒效果的影响,并介绍了消毒联合工艺研究进展。总体而言,臭氧具有较强的杀菌能力,是有较好前景的消毒技术。     

建基岩体开挖前后的声波曲线特性及其成因分析

自然斜坡在形成演化过程中,受区域构造、河谷下切、地壳隆升以及外部营力(如风化卸荷)作用,加之岩体物理力学特性等多种地质环境因素影响,可在岸坡浅表层(由表及里)形成应力释放区、应力调整区和原始地应力稳定区;但在岸坡(建基)岩体人工开挖过程中,由于爆破扰动及岩体瞬间卸荷等影响,以上应力分区将重新波动调整。声波VP作为评价岩体质量优劣的一个重要指标,因具备简便、快速、准确、可靠等特点得到了广泛应用与发展。现就此以前期勘探平硐声波测试及开挖坝面岩体质量单孔声波检测结果为基础,讨论建基岩体开挖前后波速曲线的形态特征以及应力分区分布范围,并分析导致曲线形态的地质原因,以期为坝基开挖及后续声波监测工作等提供一定的科学依据。     

生态袋辅助覆盖型岸坡结构在寒区河流生态修复中的应用

本文主要将生态型岸坡结构技术与植物种植技术相结合,针对河道贫瘠岸坡等自然生态脆弱衰退区,选择适应于寒区的生态型材料及岸坡结构型式,采用或坡型或垂直型岸坡结构进行岸坡加固,使其既可以满足工程安全要求,又可以使生态系统实现自身修复。该岸坡结构适应范围较广,基本不受地形、坡高、有无水体的限制,既可以解决中小河流的生态修复问题,又可以用于高陡、贫瘠、崩塌山体、库岸等岸坡的生态修复。为寒区生态护岸工程提供了一种新的思路,并且在实践中已取得了良好效果,具有较好的应用前景和推广价值。     

基于叠加的马尔科夫链的永吉县降水量分析

利用永吉县1957-2011年降水资料,采用线性回归法及叠加的马尔科夫链方法对永吉县的降水量进行分析,结果表明,永吉县降水量在54年中20世纪70-80年代为下降趋势,之后呈先上升后下降的趋势。以叠加的马尔科夫链可以很好的模拟永吉县降水量,但在大旱大涝年份误差较大,在计算中应综合降水序列整体进行计算以消除误差。     

An Initial Inventory and Indexation of Groundwater Mega-Depletion Cases

The state of groundwater systems worldwide is presently not well defined, and in particular there is little context for agencies responsible for managing water resources to evaluate occurrences of groundwater depletion against other cases globally. In this study, an initial inventory of groundwater depletion problems is compiled and ranked to identify the world’s most critical cases, i.e. situations of groundwater mega-depletion. The ranking is based on an indexed approach that considers overdraft, drawdown and subsidence, plus the importance of the resources in terms of population-dependency and rates of extraction. The five most highly ranked depleted aquifers of the world include the shallow aquifers of the Hai River Plain (China), the Altiplano region (Spain), the Mexico Basin (Mexico), the Huang River basin (China) and the California Central Valley (USA). An abridged account of modelling to assess drawdown is described for the Hai River Plain, revealing that despite recharge in the order of 13,000 GL/yr, an overdraft of about 8,000 GL/yr is occurring to support the vast population of the region. This has led to up to 100 m of drawdown in places and reports of subsidence of several metres. The Hai River situation demonstrates that falling water levels may not act to alleviate pumping stresses; a symptom of unchecked extraction and an exemplary illustration of the tragedy of the commons. The causal factors leading to mega-depletion are varying across the globe and each mega-depletion case contains unique elements, although population appears to be an important factor.