Black political power and the decline of black land ownership

Conclusion The absence of a viable equity base has been costly to the black community both economically and politically. Black dependency on white economic support has served to rob the black community of its autonomous decision-making potential. Further, without the advantage of a steady income and personal property in which they can take pride, many povertystricken Blacks have been unable to develop a serious interest in political activity. At the same time, black organizational efforts—both political and economic—have been crippled by the lack of a sufficient equity base to keep them independently viable.     

The effects of open skies agreements on transatlantic air service levels

This paper examines the effects of Open Skies agreements on service levels in transatlantic aviation markets. Our route analysis reveals that Open Skies agreements between European countries and the US have resulted in both increases and decreases in service levels. Of the 22 European countries with US Open Skies agreements in place by 2007, only seven demonstrated increases in service levels while six showed reductions. Five countries saw no significant change and the remaining four have yet to receive direct transatlantic service, suggesting that liberalization alone does not lead to service level increases.     

First Experiences with a Ranking Method for Portfolio Selection in Applied Research

Abstract— Starting from the premise that commercial research aims to maximize the expected profitability for a given expenditure on research, a Profitability Index is derived based on a decision tree concept. The practical application of this Profitability Index at the British Petroleum Company Limited's Sunbury Research Centre in the context of research sponsored by several departments is then described.