企业规模、市场集中度与劳动收入份额

近年来,我国劳动收入份额总体呈下降趋势.从市场结构视角,借助中国制造业微观企业数据,系统考察了企业规模、行业市场集中度对企业劳动收入份额的影响.研究发现:首先,企业相对规模扩大会提升企业的成本加成率,进而降低其劳动收入份额;其次,市场集中度越高,企业的成本加成率越高,劳动收入份额越低;再次,通过比较中国大企业的应有规模和实际规模,发现差别化政策的存在致使部分大企业的实际规模大于其应有规模,出现资源误置的同时也造成了劳动收入份额的无谓损失;最后,基于Shapley方法分解的结果显示,企业相对规模与行业市场集中度是劳动收入份额变动的重要影响因素,其贡献度仅次于利润率和有偏技术进步因素,且明显大于其他因素.研究结论为理解市场结构产生的收入分配效应提供了理论证据,也将有助于为提高劳动收入份额提供政策启示.     

有恒产者的恒心：农民工住房状况与就业稳定性研究

采用中国流动人口动态监测数据与地级市数据合并,探索了住房状况对农民工就业稳定性的影响及其机制。首先,基准模型和工具变量模型估计结果均表明：在打工所在城市有住房的农民工,其就业稳定性更高。其次,通过对可能的中介效应和调节效应的观察发现：住房产权通过房奴效应和锁定效应提高了农民工的就业稳定性;房价上涨会提升有房农民工的就业稳定性。最后,根据住房类型、就业身份和代际差异进行的异质性探讨发现：自有住房产权农民工的就业稳定性最高,租住政府公租房和单位住房者的就业稳定性高于租住私人住房者,而居住临时住所者的就业稳定性最低;住房产权对雇主型农民工就业稳定性的影响大于雇员型农民工,对中老生代农民工就业稳定性的影响大于新生代农民工。     

THE PUBLIC SECTOR PAY GAP IN FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN AND ITALY

We investigate public–private pay determination using French, British and Italian microdata. While traditional methods focus on parametric methods to estimate the public sector pay gap, in this paper, we use both non-parametric (kernel) and quantile regression methods to analyze the distribution of wages across sectors. We show that the public–private (hourly) wage differential is sensitive to the choice of quantile and that the pattern of premia varies with both gender and skill. In all countries the public sector is found to pay more to low skilled workers with respect to the private sector, whilst the reverse is true for high skilled workers. When comparing results across countries, we find that where pay formation is more regulated (i.e. as in France and Italy) the public sector pay gap is smaller; whilst where market factors play a larger role in pay determination (i.e. as in Great Britain) the public sector pay gap is larger—particularly in the lower part of the wage distribution—and females are much better off in the public sector as compared to the private sector.     

THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH IN URBAN CHINA AND IN CHINA AS A WHOLE IN 1995

The composition, inequality and determinants of wealth among households in urban China in 1995 are studied. In addition, we compare the wealth distribution in urban China with the wealth distribution in rural China and present the first estimates of inequality in the distribution of household wealth in China as a whole. The results show that housing wealth makes up a large part of net worth in urban China. Most urban Chinese households keep a bank account; debts are unusual. A household's net worth is strongly related to its income and location. Net worth is more unequally distributed among urban households than among rural households. However, compared to the situation in most industrialized countries, net worth in urban China and in China as a whole appear to be rather equally distributed.     

WEALTH AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME: PERMANENT AND TRANSITORY EFFECTS

This paper examines the permanent and transitory effects of changes in wealth, the top federal marginal income tax rate, and capital gains tax rate on the distribution of Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). This paper establishes the importance of wealth in determining the distribution of AGI, and results here suggest that its effects can negate the permanent effect of a change in both tax rates. Of the two tax rates, the capital gains tax rate is the most important for AGI distribution. The marginal income tax rate is notably less important for long run behavior, but does have short run impacts.     

AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO EXPLAINING BARGAINING BEHAVIOUR IN SIMPLE SEQUENTIAL GAMES

Abstract.  For simple sequential games, the payoff structure has certain bargaining power implication. Intuitively, certain actions may have the effect of the carrot and the stick as sanctioning means. Fair outcomes can be alternatively viewed as the consequence of their presence. Experimental data on various games are used to test the hypothesis of carrot and stick behaviour. We show that our stick and carrot heuristic neatly captures puzzling phenomena in a wide class of simple sequential games. The results support the view that punishing subjects are not worse off than myopic pay-off maximizers as long as subjects are involved in a repeated strangers scheme.     

BARTER'S ROLE IN THE MONEY–INCOME RELATIONSHIP

Abstract.  This paper deals with a reassessment of the money–income relation and predictability of changes in GDP with innovations in money in the presence of barter. Organized barter as a method of transaction, through barter exchanges, has been growing rapidly in the US economy. With the introduction of computers and the use of a credit system which allows non-simultaneous transactions, barter exchanges have found new opportunities to offer an alternative to monetary transactions. Analysis of data from the 1974–96 period provides some evidence suggesting that inclusion of barter in the output function improves the marginal predictability of money.     

FDI三方博弈分析

跨国公司、母国和东道国之间存在着错综复杂的竞争合作关系,三者有着不同的博弈目标。本文建立了来自发达国家的大型跨国公司及其母国,及我国作为东道国参与的三方博弈模型,诠释了现实否定最优解的原因,得出东道国应采取措施,尽量减少冲突支付对收益的消极影响的结论,提出了营造政策环境、健全法律体系、消除“心理距离”以及提高政府效率等提高东道国收益的建议。     

管理层持股、股权集中度与公司资本结构——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文以1176家上市公司为样本,实证检验了资本结构与股权结构之间的关系。实证结果表明:①管理层持股比例与负债率负相关,但不显著;②较高的股权集中度导致高的负债率;③管理层持股比例与公司债务之间的关联性不受公司股权集中度影响;④股权集中度与公司债务之间的关联性受管理层持股比例的影响;⑤管理层持股比例和股权集中度的相互作用能够调节股权与资本结构之间的关系。本文得出了许多有助于诠释资本结构之谜的结论。