国有资本产业分布问题研究述评及其理论含义

本文通过分析国有资本本质特征,提出了国有经济产生和发展的“三阶段论”,并指出了国有经济各产业在每一阶段的功能和作用;然后对决定国有资本产业分布的因素进行了文献回顾,分别从市场结构、产业关联和厂商市场行为三个方面展开分析,并随后分析了这些因素的动态演变引起了国有资本产业分布的动态演变;最后提出了理论含义：在国有经济战略性调整中,一定要紧紧把握好国有资本控制力这个主线,这样才能实现国有经济的功能和作用。     

酸性蚀刻废液中铜的形态分布及电化学行为

在氯化物体系中,Cu^＋、Cu^2＋均能与Cl^-形成多种形态的配合物,存在形态及分布与溶液中各离子浓度有关。由于各种配合物的稳定性不同,致使Cu^＋、Cu^2＋氯化物的溶解度及电极电位也不同。对酸性蚀刻废液中铜的存在形态、电化学行为、以及采用隔膜电解法回收工艺的可行性进行了分析。     

大学生足球裁判员心理压力成因及对策研究

大学生初步担任足球裁判员,面临较大的心理压力,这种心理压力产生的外在因素有来自比赛球员、教练员、观众、天气状况、场地等因素的压力;内在因素有业务水平、体能、职业道德、思想动机气质与性格等因素的压力.过大的心理压力不得于大学生做好足球执法工作,就当通过提高理论水平、实践能力、心理素质和身体素质,以消除大学生足球裁判员的心...     

松嫩平原自然宜垦性及耕地后备资源开发潜力

［目的］为保障我国粮食安全,为耕地后备资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据,同时完善中国区域耕地后备资源自然开发潜力方面的研究。［方法］文章从自然适宜性的角度出发,选取了地形、气候、土地类型和土壤4个方面15个评价因子,采用层次分析、专家打分等方法确定评价因子权重,构建松嫩平原宜垦性评价指标体系。［结果］（1）1980—2015年松嫩平原自然宜垦性整体较好,最适宜垦区与较适宜垦区占松嫩平原面积的5068%,分布在松嫩平原腹地大部地区,中部、中北部、中南部等地;(2)松嫩平原已开垦耕地资源中,持续利用耕地占松嫩平原面积的4814%,空间上与宜垦程度高值区高度吻合;(3)新增耕地占区域面积的126%,以中度适宜垦区和较适宜垦区为主;(4)松嫩平原耕地后备资源占松嫩平原土地面积的1556%,在松嫩平原西部地区、中部和东北部地区均有分布,耕地后备资源中度及以上宜垦区占后备资源总量的7465%。［结论］目前大庆市和白城市可开发耕地后备资源最为丰富,但其中轻度及不适宜开垦区所占比例大,开发难度较大; 松原市可开发资源相对丰富且开垦难度小。     

Countermeasures of adaptation to climate change： establishment and application for implementation matrix

In the conceptual framework of adaptation policy assessment to climate change, adaptation measures can be categorized as two groups：facilitation and implementation. Facilitation measures refers to activities that enhance adaptive capacity, while implementation refers to activities that actually avoid adverse climate impacts on a system by reducing its exposure or sensitivity to climatic hazards, or by moderating relevant non-climatic factors. This paper aims to establish a matrix of implementation measures of adaptation to climate change, through four different ways how adaptation can influencc the relevant elements of climate change. reducing the exposure, reducing the sensitivity, alleviating the adverse impacts and reducing the negative non-climatic factors, and then further discuss the particular implementation measures of adaptation to climate change, through application studies on the selected sub-systems, intend to organize the disordered implementation measures in existent, and put forward some new measures under the guidance of this matrix, which could enrich and promote the system and content of implementation measures of adaptation.     

福建省自主创新服务能力现状及提升对策

福建省自主创新服务能力与全国各地主要省市相比处于中上水平。通过实施创新服务人力资源建设工程，设立创新服务机构发展专项基金，加强创新服务机构的能力建设，推进资本市场与技术市场体系建设，营造有利于自主创新服务的政策和科技环境及加快推进自主创新服务平台建设方式，来提升自主创新能力。     

国外实施技术性贸易壁垒的新动向及我国的应对措施

技术性贸易壁垒(TBT)作为一种无形的非关税壁垒,正日益成为国际贸易中最棘手、最难应付的贸易障碍之一,并正在对我国的出口贸易产生显著的影响。而技术标准作为发达国家实施TBT的重要手段之一,已成为当今国际经济竞争的制高点。技术标准不仅是保护国内市场的标志,而且是争夺国外市场、提高国家竞争力的有力手段,是国家利益和价值观念的载体。近年来,发达国家为了保护自身利益、限制他国发展,纷纷制定和实施标准化战略。本文首先分析了现阶段美国、日本和欧盟的主要技术标准壁垒及其标准化战略的新动向,在此基础上,从宏观和微观两个层面提出了我国应对国外技术标准壁垒的战略措施。     

The entry‐mode decision of Chinese outward FDI: Firm resources,industry conditions,and institutional forces

How do Chinese firms make their entry‐mode decision for their outward investments? Based on the three theoretical perspectives that balance the “strategy tripod,” our study conducted empirical tests using survey data collected from outward‐investing Chinese firms. We found that the cost advantage of the investing firm and learning opportunities in the host industry have positive effects on the likelihood of a Chinese firm opting for wholly owned subsidiary against joint‐venture entry mode, while the market attractiveness of the host industry, host‐country restrictions, cultural barriers, and cognitive pressures have negative effects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

婴幼儿食品微生物及微生物毒素调查分析

对婴幼儿食品（配方乳粉、补充谷物、饼干和罐头）分别进行微生物污染以及微生物毒素调查。调查结果表明：357份婴幼儿食品均未检出沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;11份婴幼儿配方乳粉、1份补充谷物和1份饼干食品中检出坂崎肠杆菌,检出率分别为4.2%,2.4%和2.5%;检出1份补充谷物菌落总数超过国家标准最高安全限量值。13份婴幼儿配方乳粉和3份补充谷物检出肠杆菌科细菌,检出率分别为32.5%和7.1%;14份（婴幼儿）配方乳粉、2份婴幼儿罐头检出蜡样芽孢杆菌,检出率分别为35%和20%;1份婴幼儿配方乳粉检出黄曲霉毒素M1超标。婴幼儿食品存在微生物及其微生物毒素污染的风险,应加强对婴幼儿食品的致病微生物及其毒素的监测和监管。     

Strategic Debt in Vertical Relations: Evidence from Franchising

In this paper, we examine the strategic use of debt in franchise organizations. We focus on both the franchisee's and the franchisor's capital structures. The primary goal of this study is to examine whether franchisors impose limits on franchisees’ debt levels to be able to increase their own leverage. We find that the franchisor's leverage is significantly related to the maximum leverage allowed for the franchisee. As the franchisor sets an upper limit on the franchisee's debt ratio, the franchisor can raise more debt and therefore seizes tax benefits, since interest payments are tax deductible. We find that this effect is stronger in chains with larger fractions of franchised outlets.