光面爆破在隧洞开挖中的应用

在隧洞开挖中采用光面爆破，开挖面轮廓成型规则，岩面平整，增加围岩的稳定和施工安全，减少支护工作量，是一种较好的隧洞施工方法。绍兴市小舜江输水隧洞全长３９０８ｍ，开挖洞径４５ｍ，围岩为流纹质玻屑晶屑凝灰岩，采用光面爆破施工，对钻爆设计、钻爆作业和钻爆效果作了详细论述。     

Role transitions in older adults: A marketing opportunity

Consumers act out roles throughout their lives. Marketers assist in this role playing by providing the wardrobes, props, and sets in the form of products and services. They also help people understand acceptable role behavior by portraying roles in their communication programs. Consumers assume new roles as they age. This article is designed to enhance understanding of the often-ignored roles that accompany aging and provides examples of and suggestions for effective marketing for these role transitions.     

The approximation capabilities of the minflex-Laurents,translog, and generalized Leontief forms

This paper compares the approximation capabilities of the minflex-Laurents translog and minflex generalized Leontief cost functions with their translog and generalized Leontief counterparts in Monte Carlo experiments. The minflex Laurent specifications generally provided closer approximations to underlying technical and economic parameters. Imposition of nonlinear restrictions on some of the parameters of the minflex Laurent models yielded measurable improvement in estimated elasticities of substitutions, returns to scale, and rates of technical change.The refereeing process of this paper was handled through E. Appelbaum.     

大坝安全监控专家系统中的知识处理

在介绍产生式规则及其数学模型的基础上，论述了用成熟的关系数据库 技术来表示和存储产生式规则表示的专家知识的方法，较好地解决了知识的存储和管理问题 。同时，利用关系数据库中实体间的关系，很容易将分散存储的规则元素组合成规则供推理 时使用。在分析了大坝安全监控专家系统知识特点的基础上举例说明了用关系数据库表 示产生式规则的具体方法。     

中国要向日本学习什么?--谈"节约型经济"与"中国世纪"

“中国世纪”的挑战先说中国目前面临的挑战。现在国际国内都有许多人正在谈论“中国世纪”。其实,中国的世纪仍然是一种想象。中国正在崛起,但世界上从来没有任何一个国家像崛起的中国那样感受到资源困窘的压力。如果中国不能克服前进道路上的矛盾,不能转变增长方式,就谈不上会有真正的“中国的世纪”。对于中国资源的困窘可从供需两方面来看。在供应方面,中国并非地大物博,中国的人均资源相当稀缺;而在需求方面,中国经济高速发展,国民对能源、水、土地等自然资源的需求正急剧增长,并将持续增长。众所周知,就大部分重要资源的人均占有水平…     

Trade, foreign firms and economic policy in Indonesian and Thai manufacturing

This paper first examines the rapid growth and changing composition of manufactured exports in Indonesia and Thailand, highlighting the rapid growth of office and computer machinery and electric machinery, somewhat slower growth of non-electric and transportation machinery, as well as the low growth of previously large exports of textiles apparel. Second, the important contributions of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) to export growth in the machinery industries, particularly in electric, office, and computing machinery, are documented. Third, the paper describes trade policies in all these industries in some detail, emphasizing how low protection was a key facilitator of rapid export growth in the MNEs that dominated the electric, office, and computing machinery industry, while high protection reduced incentives to export among MNEs in the transportation machinery industry.     

中国邮政储蓄银行小额贷款产品开发探析

为实现中国邮政储蓄银行小额贷款业务的利润最大化和可持续发展，文章分析了该产品的特性，从市场开发和风险控制两方面探讨了中国邮政储蓄银行小额贷款产品的发展策略。     

Retention of Escherichia coli in municipal sewage by means of planted soil filters in two-stage pilot plant systems.

Different types of constructed wetlands in a pilot-plant system were fed with identical municipal waste water to compare the sanitisation process in two-stage systems. With combinations of a vertical and a horizontal flow filter an E. coli reduction of 5 log10 with an E. coli influent concentration of 10(7) MPN/100 ml was achieved. Using different filter materials in each stage the total performance of the two-stage system was independent from the sequence of these materials. However, using coarser filter material in the first stage makes the filter less prone to clogging and is thus the preferential option with regard to operational reliability.     

Dynamical modelling of an activated sludge system of a petrochemical plant operating at high temperatures.

The Mexican petrochemical industry, Morelos S.A. de C.V., is one of the biggest and more important petroleum industries in Mexico and Latin America. It has an activated sludge system to treat its wastewater flow, which is approximately 7,000 m3/d. The wastewater contains volatile organic carbon substances classified as toxics. The old surface aeration system was changed for fine bubble diffusers; however, one major drawback of the new aeration system is that the temperature in the bioreactor has increased due to the compression of the air, which at the compressor exit reaches 85 degrees C. This effect results in the temperature in the bioreactor attaining 32 degrees C during the fall, whereas in the spring and summer, the bioreactor temperature reaches higher values than 40 degrees C. The high temperatures reduce the microorganism activity and cause a higher volatilisation rate of volatile compounds, among other effects, which affect the performance of the biological treatment. This work was performed to obtain a better modelling of the wastewater treatment from the petrochemical industry. The model describes the effect of the temperature on the performance of the biological treatment. The model was obtained from tests that were carried out in laboratory reactors with 14 L capacity, which were operated at different temperatures (from 30 to 45 degrees C), with the same wastewater and conditions as the actual system.     

Evaluating the application of a decision support system in identifying adequate wastewater treatment for small communities. A case study: the Fluvia River Basin.

The identification of adequate wastewater treatment for small communities is a complex problem since it demands a combination of data from different sources, such as aspects of the community and landscape, the receiving environment and the available wastewater treatment technologies. The Catalan Water Agency (Agència Catalana de l'Aigua) considered using an EDSS (Environmental Decision Support System) as a tool to help water managers select the most adequate treatment for the urban wastewater of nearly 3,500 small communities in Catalonia (Spain). From that moment, EDSS was applied to all the river basins in Catalonia. In this paper the authors present the results obtained for the 76 small communities located in one of these river basins: the Fluvia River Basin. The characteristics of the community used in the reasoning process of the EDSS, the list of selected wastewater treatment alternatives, the technical environmental justification for the selected treatments and the reasons for discarding, favouring or disadvantaging them are presented. Finally, some results for the Fluvia River Basin are compared with those obtained in other Catalan river basins with different characteristics in order to evaluate which are the significant features in identifying adequate wastewater treatments.