Streamflow Forecast Errors and Their Impacts on Forecast-based Reservoir Flood Control

Water Resources Management - To make full use of water captured by reservoirs in flood seasons, methods such as forecast-based reservoir flood control (i.e., reservoir operation during flood...     

对大连市高效节水灌溉建设的思考与建议

高效节水灌溉建设是水务现代化建设不可或缺的重点内容,是实现水务现代化、都市型现代农业的基础设施保障工程。大连市针对高效节水灌溉出台了扶持政策,在政策和资金上为高效节水灌溉建设发展提供了有力保障。介绍了大连市进行高效节水灌溉建设的进程及发展过程中存在的主要问题,并提出对策和建议,以期对其他地区发展高效节水灌溉、实现水务现代化起到借鉴作用。     

Treatment of biologically treated leachate by oxidation and coagulation

This work aims to investigate removal efficiency of oxidation and coagulation/flocculation processes, to provide an effective method for the treatment of biologically pre-treated leachate. Leachate containing 985 mg L(-1) COD was treated by using three treatment schemes, i.e. oxidation, coagulation/flocculation and the combined process of coagulation/flocculation followed by oxidation. The application of single oxidation resulted in the effective removal of COD and color up to 80.4 and 83.2%, respectively. However, residual COD values lower than 200 mg L(-1) could only be achieved under intensive experimental conditions (high dosage of Ca(ClO)(2) and prolonged oxidation time). Coagulation/flocculation yielded residual COD values higher than 200 mg L(-1) even at the optimum coagulation conditions. The combined treatment by coagulation/flocculation followed by oxidation yielded final COD lower than 100 mg L(-1) at the following conditions: pre-coagulation with 250 mg L(-1) PFS (poly-ferric sulfate) and over 30-min post-oxidation, or pre-coagulation with 300 mg L(-1) PFS and over 20-min post-oxidation. Hence, pre-coagulation with PFS followed by oxidation with Ca(ClO)(2) was recommended for advanced treatment of biologically treated leachate.     

Robustness of an aerobic metabolically vinyl chloride degrading bacterial enrichment culture

Degradation of the lower chlorinated ethenes is crucial to the application of natural attenuation or in situ bioremediation on chlorinated ethene contaminated sites. Recently, within mixtures of several chloroethenes as they can occur in contaminated groundwater inhibiting effects on aerobic chloroethene degradation have been shown. The current study demonstrated that metabolic vinyl chloride (VC) degradation by an enrichment culture originating from groundwater was not affected by an equimolar concentration (50 μM) of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE). Only cDCE concentrations at a ratio of 2.4:1 (initial cDCE to VC concentration) caused minor inhibition of VC degradation. Furthermore, the degradation of VC was not affected by the presence of trans-1,2-dichloroethene (tDCE), 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE), trichloroethene (TCE), and tetrachloroethene (PCE) in equimolar concentrations (50 μM). Only cDCE and tDCE were cometabolically degraded in small amounts. The VC-degrading culture demonstrated a broad pH tolerance from 5 to 9 with an optimum between 6 and 7. Results also showed that the culture could degrade VC concentrations up to 1,800 μM (110 mg/L).     

Seasonal factors influencing the failure of buried water reticulation pipes

While the use of environmental factors in the analysis and prediction of failures of buried reticulation pipes in cold environments has been the focus of extensive work, the same cannot be said for failures occurring on pipes in other (non-freezing) environments. A novel analysis of pipe failures in such an environment is the subject of this paper. An exploratory statistical analysis was undertaken, identifying a peak in failure rates during mid to late summer. This peak was found to correspond to a peak in the rate of circumferential failures, whilst the rate of longitudinal failures remained constant. Investigation into the effect of climate on failure rates revealed that the peak in failure rates occurs due to differential soil movement as the result of shrinkage in expansive soils.     

Determination of reaction rate constants for phenol oxidation using SnO2/Ti anodes coupled with activated carbon adsorption in the presence of TiO2 as catalyst

Series of experiments for phenol degradation with assistance of TiO2 catalyst at pH of 6.5 and temperature of 25 degrees C were conducted using a lab-scale electrochemical reactor constructed in our laboratory. According to the results, at the presence of the TiO2 catalyst the removal of phenol was increased and first-order kinetics could describe the evolution of phenol concentration. For inspecting the relationship between rate constants and dosage of TiO2, two possible kinetics were proposed in this study. Contrasted to the abundant experimental data, a reasonable kinetics was obtained for the estimation of phenol concentration effluent during continuous flow of raw wastewater, especially when the TiO2 dosage was less than 0.5g L(-1). The model obtained from these experiments could employed for the calculation of rate constants at different TiO2 dosage and the necessary dosage of catalyst when a discharge standard was designed.     

天花板水电站大坝碾压混凝土工艺试验

为了确定天花板水电站双曲拱坝碾压混凝土施工的相关参数,施工单位进行了工艺试验.通过试验,确定了大坝碾压混凝土的拌和工艺参数、碾压施工参数、层面处理技术措施和变态混凝土的施工工艺,验证了室内试验选定的混凝土配合比的可碾性和合理性,确保了工程质量.     

纳子峡面板沙砾石坝应力变形三维有限元分析

采用三维非线性有限元法建立纳子峡水电站面板砂砾石坝的三维有限元分析模型,对大坝填筑施工过程和水库蓄水过程进行仿真研究,计算分析施工期和蓄水期大坝、面板及周边缝的变形特性.计算结果表明:施工期和蓄水期坝体的最大沉降分别为0.74 m和0.76 m,占最大坝高的0.61%和0.63%;第一主应力最大值分别为2 321 kPa和2 478 kPa,第三主应力最大值分别为588 kPa和626 kPa,应力水平在0.3-0.85之间;周边缝和面板缝法向拉伸变形最大值分别为29 nun和34 mm,垂直剪切变形最大值分别为25 mm和0,顺缝剪切变形分别为27 nun和29mm.从静力分析结果看,纳子峡面板坝的设计方案是合理的.     

泸定水电站3号消力池直立边坡管桩加固施工技术

大渡河泸定水电站3号泄洪洞消力池左右边墙设计为高27 m的直立边坡,由于两侧边坡存在较大地质缺陷,边坡稳定性较差,因此采取了直立边坡岩体的预固结灌浆及钢管灌注桩加固措施,以增加岩体的完整性并形成连续幕墙,从而确保了边坡安全并加快了工程建设进度.     

金安桥水电站引水发电系统设计

金安桥水电站引水发电系统设计中面临的主要技术问题有:电站进水口结构设计、压力背管形式、钢管过缝措施、蜗壳外围混凝土结构设计、地震高烈度区厂房结构抗震设计等。对以上问题进行了多次分析研究,提出了技术可行、经济合理、施工方便、便于运行管理的工程优化方案。