试论米塞斯经济学方法论的先验论

新奥地利经济学派与新自由主义经济学重要代表人物米塞斯以其经济学认识论与方法论而著称.在其行动学方法论中,米塞斯通过对逻辑实证主义的批判而持守着新康德主义基本理念.米塞斯的理性主义立场具有鲜明的先验论色彩.对米塞斯行动学方法论的先验论进行比较分析,有益于我们更好地理解和把握现代经济学的方法论研究路径.     

电涡流缓速器试验台组合飞轮的研究与设计

本文对汽车制动过程进行分析,确定了要正确模拟汽车制动过程惯性力所需的各转动部分的转动惯量,提出了用飞轮组、电机和转动轴共同模拟的多分流加载方法。并对组合飞轮的进行优化设计和检测,使电涡流缓速器试验台能有效地模拟不同转动惯量的汽车。     

Hedging Affecting Firm Value via Financing and Investment: Evidence from Property Insurance Use

I provide evidence about the value effects of alternative risk management by examining corporate purchase of property insurance, a commonly used pure hedge of asset-loss risks. Using an insurance data set from China, I find that there is an inverted U-shape effect of the extent of property insurance use on firm value measured by several versions of Tobin's Q. Therefore, the use of property insurance, to a certain degree, has a positive effect on firm value; however, over insurance appears detrimental to firm value. Given that the inflection points occur at relatively high levels of the observed insurance spending, insurance use appears beneficial to the majority of my sample firms. The estimated average hedging premium is about 1.5%. I demonstrate that an avenue for insurance to create value in China is that it helps firms secure valuable new debt financing and enhance investment.     

对基层国税部门经费支出核算与控制的思考

规范和加强经费管理对于提升干部能力、激发队伍活力、增强单位实力、保证发展潜力具有举足轻重的作用。对于基层国税部门来说,如何把有限的资金用在刀刃上,是一件很难的事情。下面结合某县国税局经费管理方面存在的主要问题提出加强经费管理的建议。     

项目法施工管理在水利施工企业中的应用

随着市场经济的发展,项目法施工已广泛应用于水利工程施工中,推行项目法施工管理,是水利施工企业发展的必然趋势。本文结合笔者的工作实践,与大家共同探讨项目施工法在施工单位的实施应采取的具体措施,旨在提高项目法施工管理水平。     

Least squares model averaging by Mallows criterion

This paper is in response to a recent paper by Hansen (2007) who proposed an optimal model average estimator with weights selected by minimizing a Mallows criterion. The main contribution of Hansen’s paper is a demonstration that the Mallows criterion is asymptotically equivalent to the squared error, so the model average estimator that minimizes the Mallows criterion also minimizes the squared error in large samples. We are concerned with two assumptions that accompany Hansen’s approach. The first is the assumption that the approximating models are strictly nested in a way that depends on the ordering of regressors. Often there is no clear basis for the ordering and the approach does not permit non-nested models which are more realistic from a practical viewpoint. Second, for the optimality result to hold the model weights are required to lie within a special discrete set. In fact, Hansen noted both difficulties and called for extensions of the proof techniques. We provide an alternative proof which shows that the result on the optimality of the Mallows criterion in fact holds for continuous model weights and under a non-nested set-up that allows any linear combination of regressors in the approximating models that make up the model average estimator. These results provide a stronger theoretical basis for the use of the Mallows criterion in model averaging by strengthening existing findings.     

社会思潮对大学生思想行为的影响及其对策研究

社会思潮作为社会存在在人们大脑中的综合反映,是一种社会意识形态和一定阶级或群体的微观世界观和价值观。大学生作为一个思维活跃的群体,处于世界观和价值观形成发展的关键时期。鉴于其独特的思想和心理特征,各种社会思潮更易于在该群体内传播。从而分析社会思潮对大学生的影响,并进行相应的对策研究,有着重要的理论性和实效性意义。     

收入结构视角下扩大居民服务消费的实证研究——基于广东省城镇住户调查数据

随着我国扩大内需的深入推进,培育新的消费增长点,发展服务消费日趋重要。本文利用2002-2009年广东省城镇住户调查数据,在考虑家庭异质性因素基础上重点分析了收入结构对总消费、服务消费和服务消费结构的影响,同时数值模拟了改变中低收入家庭的收入结构对服务消费倾向的效应,最后提出了扩大服务消费的相关政策建议。     

Income distribution dynamics of urban residents: The case of China (1995–2004)

Using a 1995–2004 panel data of Chinese urban residents, we investigate the dynamics of income distribution in cities. According to Kernel estimates of the relative income distribution of Chinese cities, we find that: (1) the national across-city distribution of per capita GDP exhibits an apparent unique-peak distribution in 1995 and an “emerging multiple-peak” one in 2004; (2) for prefecture-level cities, income distribution has evolved to an “apparent multiple-peak” distribution from a unique-peak one; (3) the income distribution of county-level cities maintains a unique-peak curve; (4) most of the income dynamics of urban residents originates from prefecture-and-higher-level cities. We sample three representative provinces and study the urban income dynamics respectively. The analysis suggests that within a single province, urban income distribution evolves from unique-peak to twin-peak curve; while among provinces, income convergence is evident for urban residents. In addition, we measure the incidence of poverty in cities based on our income dynamics analysis, and find that the ratios of people living below absolute poverty line have been decreasing at cities of all levels.     

Brain drain and factor complementarity

In this paper we develop an extended Solow growth model with emigration which aggregates different types of labor skills from strict complementarity to perfect substitution. The derivation of balanced growth paths shows that the most relevant cases for studying the impact of emigration are those where these paths can only be attained asymptotically. This requires and justifies the need for using transitional dynamics. We therefore derive a complete characterization of the transitional dynamics of output and wages in the sending country for all possible values taken by the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled workers. The model then serves to qualitatively study the effect of brain drain on per capita income and wages of the sending country.