Bureaucratic and Personalized Strategies for Efficiency and Organization An Investigation of Structures and Efficiency in a Set of 104 Profit-seeking Firms

A bstract . A causal model of the relationship between organization structure and economic efficiency in profit oriented organizations is proposed and tested. Applying path analysis to data collected from 104 savings and loan associations in New York State , the results show that structural characteristics explained 20 per cent of the variance in organizational efficiency and 8 per cent in managerial efficiency Specifically, span of control, promotion policy and practice, and personnel evaluation frequency are good predictors of organizational efficiency. Similarly, complexity, documentation, and managerial salary differences serve as major causes of managerial efficiency changes. Overall, determinants of the efficiency measures are different from one another a bureaucratic strategy evokes a response in managerial efficiency, while a personalized strategy produces changes in organizational efficiency.     

Organizational Size, Structure, and Efficiency: A Test of a Blau-Hage Model

A bstract . Combining the work of Peter Blau and Jerald Hage regarding organizational characteristics and efficiency, a correlational model was constructed consisting of testable propositions relating organizational size, complexity, stratification, formalization, centralization , and two measures of efficiency. The model was also extended to include hierarchical levels, after vertical and horizontal measures of complexity were separated. Following an extensive review of the literature, both official and self-reported data from one type of economic organization ( 104 savings and loan associations in New York State ) were employed to test the propositions in a profit-oriented context. While we findings demonstrate limited support for the model in this special type to economic organization (five of thirteen propositions were fully or partly supported by the analysis), a further classification and comparison of studies reviewed, according to the type of organization under study, suggests that a unified theory encompassing both economic and non-economic organizations is feasible.     

自我培训--最好的学习方式

为什么团体互助是一种最有效的学习方式？     

The new framework for global trade in services – all about GATS

This article is concerned with the globalization of services, and specifically the impact of the new regulatory framework set up under the 1996 General Agreement on Trade in Services. The article sets out the organisation and protocols of GATS and their likely impact on global trade in services. The paper clarifies the role of GATS as not merely to ‘regulate’ trade in services, but to foster the global expansion in services under a fair, transparent set of rules, with procedures for recourse by those governments and enterprises which claim to have been unfairly discriminated against in one or other service sector. The article concludes with some interim comments on the impact and effectiveness of GATS on the business community, and the need for further research in the future.     

Bribery as an organizational response to conflicting environmental expectations

This article develops a conceptualization of bribery activity in organizational relationships at the international level. Utilizing a coalitional viewpoint of organizational interaction across markets, this paper proposes that international exchange environments are dimensioned by two critical factors: environmental constraints formed by cultural expectations and management capability to resolve incongruent exchange demands on the international marketing organization. These factors are proposed as determinants of a model of bribery behavior comprising four international exchange environments. Bribery activity in each environment is examined as a form of “side payment substitution” for unresolvable demands, representing a rational response to conflicting payment requirements and expectations.     

汇丰首席财务总监 魏国麟（Edgar Ancona）

魏国麟（Edgar Ancona．）汇丰亚太区首席财务总监 魏国麟于1994年加入Household Internmtionml（现为美国汇丰融资），担任过财务领域里不同职位。2006年4月，魏国麟被委任为汇丰亚太区首席财务总监，同时担任恒生银行有限公司董事。     

On exploiting scale economies

Indivisibilities give rise to scale economies in the provision of many local public services. Exploitation of these scale economies often requires that the activities of several communities be coordinated. In this study we analyze the game analog to a simple waste collection system in order to determine the requirements for the design of a financing system that will sustain optimal participation in a regional service system plan. We find that market based pricing in the face of scale economies created by indivisibilities will generally not support an optimal partition of communities into service districts. We also find that characterization of the game structure of local public service delivery systems is feasible and provides information for designing appropriate cost-sharing arrangements.