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951.
Elvin Afandi Majid Kermani Fuad Mammadov 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2017,13(3):685-716
The paper examines the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurial engagement of individuals in 35 nations from Europe and Asia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical research that attempts to investigate the influence of three-dimensional social capital concept – trust, networks and norms – on three stages of entrepreneurial process – preference, trial and success – using such large and comprehensive cross-sectional micro data. In general, we find that all three dimensions of social capital matter in the entrepreneurship context, albeit differently. They become beneficial in different ways and at different stages of entrepreneurial involvement. For example, among trust variables, institutional trust in general, and trust in business-oriented and business-supporting actors in particular, exert significant positive effect on entrepreneurial process. Individuals with formal membership in professional associations are more likely to perceive entrepreneurial opportunities, while some close or strong-tie networks might prevent them from progressing in the entrepreneurship ladder. Finally, individual level civic norms appear to be negatively associated with early-stage entrepreneurship, while the success in becoming an entrepreneur is not found to be bound by people’s civic norms. 相似文献
952.
Although the academic interest in ethical mutual fund performance has developed steadily, the evidence to date is mainly sample-specific.
To tackle this critique, new research should extend to unexplored countries. Using this as a motivation, we examine the performance
and risk sensitivities of Canadian ethical mutual funds vis-à-vis their conventional peers. In order to overcome the methodological
deficiencies most prior papers suffered from, we use performance measurement approaches in the spirit of Carhart (1997, Journal of Finance 52(1): 57–82) and Ferson and Schadt (1996, Journal of Finance 51(2): 425–461). In doing so, we investigate the aggregated performance and investment style of ethical and conventional mutual funds and allow for time variation in the funds’ systematic risk. Our␣Canadian
evidence supports the conjecture that any␣performance differential between ethical mutual funds and their conventional peers
is statistically insignificant.
相似文献
953.
There are many direct and indirect effects of changing crude oil prices on the inflation rate, so it is not surprising that
there are different views about the resulting effects on the general price level and also on other aspects of the general
economy. This study, estimates the direct and indirect effects of oil price changes on the economy-wide rate of inflation,
which then has effects on spending and producing decisions. However, in this forum, we do not try to estimate the full indirect
effects on the level of economic activity, such as effects on real GDP.
JEL Classification E310, E370 相似文献
954.
We evaluate the relationship between the appointment of women to CEO or Chair positions and firm performance, and shed light on the differences between family and nonfamily firms. By using a propensity score matching approach on a sample of 394 French firms over the period 2001–2010, we find major discordances between women’s leadership style and family business expectations relative to firm performance, as measured by return on assets and Tobin’s q. Notably, our results support the conjecture that family firms, which are more conducive to transformational leadership, offer women a more appropriate climate for exercising the function of Chair than that of CEO. In contrast, women CEOs perform better in nonfamily firms. Our findings move away from the predominant focus on barriers and stereotypes images about the female leadership and support the contingency theory of leadership, which states that the effectiveness of a leadership style depends on the organization and culture in which leaders operate, and on task-related positions 相似文献
955.
Existing studies of market orientation have hypothesized that the strength of the market orientation/performance relationship
depends on environmental variables such as market turbulence, technological turbulence, and competitive intensity. To date
most empirical studies have failed to confirm these hypotheses; however, these studies (1) assumed that performance is a linear
function of the achieved level of market orientation and (2) tested whether environmental uncertainty moderates this relationship.
A complementary explanation for the impact of environmental variables on a firm’s market orientation arises from studies of
organizational behavior that link the need for coordination and control to environmental uncertainty and organizational strategy.
Building on this perspective, the authors argue that (1) environmental uncertainty influences the desired level of market
orientation and (2) the gap between the desired and achieved levels of market orientation influence business unit performance.
The authors test these hypotheses with data collected from multiple respondents in 308 US firms. The data analysis confirms
that the desired level of market orientation is a function of market turbulence, competitive intensity, technological turbulence,
and innovation strategy. In addition, the desired level of market orientation positively influences the achieved level. Finally,
when the achieved level of market orientation is less than the desired level, business unit performance is a negative function
of the gap between the desired and achieved levels of market orientation.
相似文献
Mark E. Parry (Corresponding author)Email: |
956.
Nicholas Apergis Emmanuel Mamatzakis Christos Staikouras 《International Advances in Economic Research》2011,17(3):258-273
This paper examines whether the efficiency market hypothesis for the Greek sovereign debt holds. As in Blanco et al. (2005) we test the theoretical equivalence of credit default swap (CDS) and spreads that dictates a CI relationship between the
two. The main innovation of the present analysis is the use of a threshold vector error-correction (TVECM) model, thus allowing
thresholds within the sample covering the period 1990 to 2010. Moreover, by employing this methodology we are able to evaluate
the degree and dynamics of transaction costs resulting from various events due to external market imperfections but also domestic
factors. The main hypothesis we test is to what extent spreads and CDS are indeed integrated that may result in an efficient
and integrated segniorage capital market. Our findings support the gradual integration hypothesis. We find that spreads and
CDS are cointegrated, though threshold effects are also revealed in terms of events that have impacted on markets. 相似文献
957.
958.
Hermann F. W. Bährle 《保险科学杂志》2012,101(2):255-265
Reinsurers and reinsurance brokers are often of the opinion that the introduction of Solvency II will lead to changes in how re-insurance is purchased. Our analysis of these assumptions for the German property and casualty insurance market lead to a market survey. This survey revealed that overall the participating insurance companies expect no significant changes for their companies, although they do anticipate changes in buying patterns of the rest of the market and in the overall market environment. This paper examines the reasons for this difference in expectations between those of individual companies and those of the overall market. 相似文献
959.
960.
Jonathan A. Wiley Brandon N. Cline Xudong Fu Tian Tang 《Journal of Financial Services Research》2012,41(3):103-120
This study provides evidence that the outcome for shareholders resulting from asset sales is determined at the time of transaction by the value for the asset sold. Assets sold above market value are followed by positive and significant abnormal returns over the following three months; these returns are magnified in firms where the balance of power in corporate governance favors shareholders. Abnormal returns following undervalued asset sales are insignificant from zero, indicating value-preservation. Value-preservation when the assets are sold below market value becomes less likely as firms approach financial constraints. The reverse is true when assets are sold above market value. This evidence is documented for apartment REITs, which have a large number of comparable transactions available for estimating expected market values. 相似文献