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51.
Horst Zimmermann 《Journal of Economics》1968,28(3-4):305-340
Ohne ZusammenfassungDer Gedankengang dieses Aufsatzes wurde vom Verfasser Ende 1965 vor dem Post-Doctoral Research Seminar von Prof. W. Isard (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia) zum ersten Mal vorgetragen. Mit den dort angeregten Änderungen wurde das Manuskript in vorläufiger Form veröffentlicht unter: H. Zimmermann: The Treatment of Imprecise Goals: The Case of Regional Science, Preliminary Draft, Regional Science Research Institute Discussion Paper Series, No. 9, Philadelphia 1966. Für die kritische Durchsicht dieses Artikels dankt der Verfasser insbesondere den Professoren H. Albert, G. Colm, R. A. Gakenheimer, K. H. Hansmeyer und G. Schmölders sowie seinem Kollegen Dr. G. Engelhardt. Eine der wichtigsten Anregungen bestand darin, den Anwendungsbereich vom speziellen Gegenstand der Regionalpolitik auf den allgemeinen Beratungsfall auszudehnen. Die Weiterführung des regionalpolitischen Aspekts, insbesondere der Zieldiskussion (s. u., §§ 2 und 3), findet sich in: H. Zimmermann: Öffentliche Ausgaben und regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung, Veröffentlichungen Veröffentlichungen der List Gesellschaft, erscheint in Kürze. 相似文献
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Gisela Müller-Brandeck-Bocquet Jürgen Neyer Daniela Schwarzer Jens Hölscher Horst Tomann 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2016,96(6):383-396
In the midst of the EU’s current “polycrisis “, several serious dangers threaten the future of Europe’s unity. The looming Brexit vote as well as the refugee crisis and–above all–the rise of nationalistic, right-wing extremist parties demonstrate the fragility of the EU. One of the EU’s fundamental problems is its institutional design in general. In particular the role of the European Central Bank is not fit for the challenges of the time. Moreover, the EU is facing disintegrative pressures while simultaneously pursuing moves towards deepening the Union as a reaction to the multiple crises. Against this background, it is highly likely that differentiation within the EU will increase. Deeper cooperation among small groups of member states will likely increase efficiency but may also reduce transparency, accountability and cohesion within the EU. If handled well, differentiation may also open new pathways for cooperation with the EU’s neighbours and accession countries. The foundation for a fresh start in Europe is the Franco-German relationship, as only these two Member States together can prevent Euroscepticism from spreading even further and the new radical right from taking control of Europe. 相似文献
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Horst Feldmann 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2013,23(5):1099-1126
Using annual data on 21 industrial countries from the period 1985 to 2009 and a large number of controls, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of technological change on unemployment. As proxy for technological change, it uses the ratio of triadic patent families to population. According to the regression results, an increase in technological change substantially increases unemployment over 3 years. There is no long-term effect, though. The results are robust to both endogeneity and numerous variations in specifications. They support theoretical contributions according to which faster technological progress may increase unemployment, at least during a transition period. 相似文献
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Biofuels have been the only alternative fuel which has substantially contributed to supplying transport with energy. Biofuels enjoyed broad support, but now they have come under criticism. In order to obtain answers to the question of what role biofuels could play in the future fuel mix, the following aspects are analysed: competing uses of scarce biomass and biofuels; sustainability of biofuels, standards and certification schemes; types and availability of biofuels; potentials for bioenergy and biofuels; and the technical compatibility of biofuels with vehicles. Finally, preconditions and necessary policy measures for the increased deployment of sustainable biofuels are examined. 相似文献
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Horst Glaser 《Controlling & Management》2000,44(2):93-100
Probleme des Gemeinkostencontrolling bzw. des Kostenstellencontrolling werden in der Literatur überwiegend in Form jeweils isolierter Ist-Sollvergleiche und Abweichungsanalysen unter Bezugnahme auf die Prim?rkosten behandelt. 相似文献
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This paper presents an inductive study that shows how collaborative prototyping across functional, hierarchical, and organizational boundaries can improve the overall prototyping process. Our combined action research and case study approach provides new insights into how collaborative prototyping can provide a platform for prototype‐driven problem solving in early new product development (NPD). Our findings have important implications for how to facilitate multistakeholder collaboration in prototyping and problem solving, and more generally for how to organize collaborative and open innovation processes. Our analysis reveals two levels of prototyping. Besides the more formal managerial level, we identify the informal designer level, where the actual practice of prototyping takes place. On this level, collaborative prototyping transforms the act of prototyping from an activity belonging exclusively to the domain of design engineers to an activity integral to NPD, with participants from within the organization (different functions and managers) and from outside (consultants and users). In effect, this collapses the discrete steps in the prototyping process (at the managerial level) to an essentially continuous process of iterative problem solving (at the designer level) that is centered around the collaborative prototype, which allows participants to see their suggestions implemented and exposing them to the design constraints. The study, moreover, shows how, at various stages of the prototyping process, the actual prototype was used as a tool for communication or development, thus serving as a platform for the cross‐fertilization of knowledge. In this way, collaborative prototyping leads to a better balance between functionality and usability; it translates usability problems into design changes, and it detects emerging usability problems through active engagement and experimentation. As such, the collaborative prototype acts as a boundary object to represent, understand, and transform knowledge across functional, hierarchical, and organizational boundaries. Our study also identifies some constraints in involving the appropriate stakeholders at the right time. The paper specifically elaborates on the role of users in collaborative prototyping, which is important in order to cover all phases of the problem‐solving cycle but triggers an interesting challenge due to the “reverse empathy” that a user may develop for the design constraints—parallel to the designer empathy for the user context. Finally, our study shows that despite the continuous nature of the (designer) practice of prototyping, there are certain windows of opportunities (at the managerial level) during which the collaborative prototyping approach actually leads to changes in the product design. 相似文献