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91.
The positive relationship between firm size and direct exports is often considered as a stylized fact. Numerous econometric investigations back theoretical considerations by showing that a ceteris paribus positive relationship between firm size and direct export activities exists. This note contributes to the literature by closely looking at an econometric modelling issues that has largely been neglected hitherto. Various approaches used in the literature to model the exports/sales ratio, which is a percentage variable with usually many observations at the lower limit, are discussed. It is argued that all these methods are seriously flawed, and an alternative approach is suggested that is applied using data from a large comprehensive recent survey of German manufacturing establishments. Furthermore, the relation between firm size and exports is examined in four selected industries to test whether the importance of economies of scale and transaction cost efficiencies vary considerably between industries. 相似文献
92.
Joachim Wagner 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2012,92(7):496-498
93.
Export entry and exit by German firms 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Export Entry and Exit by German Firms. — While exports have played an important role in German business cycles, little is
known about the export supply response of German firms. This paper presents a dynamic model of the export decision by a profit-maximizing
firm. Using a panel of German manufacturing plants, we test for the role of plant characteristics and sunk costs in the entry
decision. We find evidence for substantial sunk costs: exporting today by a plant increases the probability by 50 percent
that the plant will export tomorrow. This advantage depreciates quickly, falling by two-thirds in a year. The authors also
find evidence that plant success, as measured by size and productivity, increases the likelihood of exporting. 相似文献
94.
Joachim Von Braun 《Agricultural Economics》2005,32(Z1):v-vii
The paper examines the main issues surrounding distributional effects in the domains of natural resource management and land policies, agricultural technology and research policies, agricultural market and trade policies, and consumer‐oriented policies, including standards, subsidies, and labeling. Agriculture is drifting into an ever more drastic bifurcation at a global level and within many countries. Correcting that bifurcation will require large investments in rural areas and rural people, in institutions, and in information and biological technologies accessible by the poor in the world's smallholder sector. Large and growing national and international inequalities related to agriculture and rural areas threaten peace, growth, and sustainable development. 相似文献
95.
Joachim Wagner 《The World Economy》2007,30(1):60-82
While the role of exports in promoting growth in general, and productivity in particular, has been investigated empirically using aggregate data for countries and industries for a long time, only recently have comprehensive longitudinal data at the firm level been used to look at the extent and causes of productivity differentials between exporters and their counterparts which sell on the domestic market only. This paper surveys the empirical strategies applied, and the results produced, in 54 microeconometric studies with data from 34 countries that were published between 1995 and 2006. Details aside, exporters are found to be more productive than non‐exporters, and the more productive firms self‐select into export markets, while exporting does not necessarily improve productivity. 相似文献
96.
Using representative individual-level data from the first round of the European Social Survey fielded in 2002/03, this article provides an empirical analysis of unionisation in 18 countries of the EU. We show that union density varies considerably in Europe, ranging from 84 per cent in Denmark to 11 per cent in Portugal. Estimating identical models for each country, we find that individuals’ probability of union membership is significantly affected by their personal characteristics, their attitudes and the characteristics of their workplace, whereas social factors seem to play a minor role. The presence of a union at the workplace and employees’ attitudes concerning strong unions are the two variables most strongly associated with unionisation. 相似文献
97.
Joachim Betz 《Intereconomics》1979,14(1):25-31
It has been evident for some time that the proportion of the public development aid which is distributed through multilateral channels is increasing. The causes of this process are examined in the following article which is based on the author's doctor thesis. 相似文献
98.
99.
The potential benefits to LDCs of trade liberalization in beef and sugar by industrialized countries
Zusammenfassung Vorteile der Entwicklungsl?nder aus einer m?glichen Handelsliberalisierung für Rindfleisch und Zucker in den Industriel?ndern.
- Die Studie geht von der Annahme aus, da\ die Gruppe der Industriel?nder ihre gegenw?rtigen Handelshemmnisse für Zucker und
Rindfleisch aufhebt, und versucht zu ermitteln, welche potentiellen ?nderungen an Wohlfahrt und Devisenerl?sen sich daraus
für die Entwicklungsl?nder ergeben. Grundlage ist ein komparativ-statisches Gleichgewichtsmodell für den Weltmarkt eines Gutes.
Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, da\ die Entwicklungsl?nder für beide Produkte zusammengenommen eine Steigerung ihrer Devisenerl?se
um 6,6 bis über 12 Milliarden US-Dollar pro Jahr (auf der Basis von 1980) erwarten k?nnen. Das ist nicht nur absolut oder
relativ sehr viel, sondern auch im Vergleich zu der laufenden Entwicklungshilfe.
Résumé Bénéfices potentiels des PVD à cause d’une libéralisation de commerce en viande de boeuf et sucre par les pays industrialisés. - Cette étude essaie d’identifier le changement potentiel de bien-être et des revenus en devises des PVD en supposant que le groupe des pays industrialisés éliminent leurs obstacles commerciaux actuels pour la viande de boeuf et le sucre. Le cadre essentiel est un modèle du type comparatif statique d’équilibre de marché mondial d’un seul bien. Les résultats suggèrent que pour les deux biens ensemble les PVD pourraient attendre une augmentation des revenus en devises entre 6,6 et plus que 12 milliards US $ par année (base 1980): un montant très grand non pas seulement en terme absolu ou relatif mais aussi en comparaison avec l’aide de développement pour les PVD.
Resumen Los beneficios potenciales de la liberalización de las importaciones de carne y azúcar en los países industrializados para los países en desarrollo. - Este trabajo intenta estimar el cambio en el bienestar y en el ingreso de divisas de los países en desarrollo, asumiendo que el grupo de países industrializados elimina las barreras al comercio actualmente vigentes para el azúcar y la carne. El marco teórico lo constituye un modelo de equilibrio de mercado para una materia prima de tipo comparativo-estático. Los resultados sugieren que para ambas materias primas los países en desarrollo podrían registrar un aumento en le ingreso de divisas entre 6,6 y 12 mil millones de dólares por a?o (a precios de 1980). Estas cifras no sólo son muy altas en términos absolutes o relativos, sino también si se las compara con los flujos de la ayuda al desarrollo.相似文献
100.
Joachim Schwalbach 《战略管理杂志》1991,12(4):299-306
The paper analyzes the functional relationship between profitability and market share for type of businesses in the PIMS data base. Although a linear relationship has been imposed in other studies, our result shows that empirically it seems a poor representation of the data. In addition, three observations seem to be most evident. First, small-share businesses were not per se less successful than larger business units. In the service market and the market for raw or semi-finished materials small-share businesses were just as profitable or even more profitable than larger business units. Second, some businesses were ‘stuck in the middle’, which was most evident in the service market but also in the retail and wholesale markets. Third, very large-share businesses were often less profitable. A critical market share was identified as between 65 and 70 percent. Beyond that level the ROI decreased. 相似文献