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41.
Sufficient conditions for a unique price equilibrium, in terms of the uncertainty distribution and the state contingent consumer distributions, are given for spatial duopoly. Also considered are efficiency and endogenous locations for the symmetric case and comparative statics on price flexibility. 相似文献
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43.
This paper applies an intuitive approach based on stock market data to a unique dataset of large concentrations during the period 1990–2002 to assess the effectiveness of European merger control. The basic idea is to relate announcement and decision abnormal returns. Under a set of four maintained assumptions, merger control might be interpreted to be effective if rents accruing due to the increased market power observed around the merger announcement are reversed by the antitrust decision, i.e. if there is a negative relation between announcement and decision abnormal returns. To clearly identify the events' competitive effects, we explicitly control for the market expectation about the outcome of the merger control procedure and run several robustness checks to assess the role of our maintained assumptions. We find that only outright prohibitions completely reverse the rents measured around a merger's announcement. On average, remedies seem to be only partially capable of reverting announcement abnormal returns. Yet they seem to be more effective when applied during the first rather than the second investigation phase and in subsamples where our assumptions are more likely to hold. Moreover, the European Commission appears to learn over time. 相似文献
44.
Thijs Dekker Roy Brouwer Marjan Hofkes Klaus Moeltner 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,49(4):597-624
This paper presents the first value of statistical life (VSL) meta-analysis that empirically estimates correction factors
for ‘out of context’ benefits transfer (BT) purposes. In the field of mortality risk reductions elicited willingness to pay
values in one risk context, say road safety, are frequently applied in other risk contexts like air pollution. However, differences
in risk perception and the population at risk across contexts are likely to result in diverging VSL estimates. In a meta-analysis
of 26 international stated preference studies, a Bayesian model is estimated regressing contingent values for mortality risk
reductions, originating from three different risk contexts, on the characteristics of the risk reduction itself and additional
variables characterizing the underlying studies. A willingness to pay (WTP) premium for mortality risk reductions in the air
pollution and general mortality risk context relative to improving road safety is observed. Evaluated at the mean, road safety
VSL estimates should be multiplied by a factor 1.8 before being applicable in the air pollution context. Moreover, in an illustrative
BT exercise we find limited overlap in the set of context specific predictive VSL distributions. Consequently, ‘out of context’
BT results in a substantial over- or underestimation of the VSL. 相似文献
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Immanuel Pahlke Roman Beck Martin Wolf 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2010,2(5):305-315
Currently, several Enterprise 2.0 platforms are beginning to emerge. This paper introduces Enterprise Mashup technology as
a means to improve IT alignment of individual work processes and changing business needs. Enterprise Mashups enable users
to create customized applications to easily find and transform business information and functionalities, as well as collaboratively
share pre-built Mashup applications. Therefore, the concept of Enterprise Mashups integrates Web 2.0 technologies and principles
with well-established paradigms such as Enterprise Information Integration, Business Intelligence, and Business Process Management.
Involved organizational key drivers, technical challenges and inhibitors are discussed to assess the potential business value
and explain the emerging expansion of Mashup platforms in companies. 相似文献
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Matthias Wissmann Michael Knipper Utz Tillmann Klaus Mittelbach Ralph Wiechers 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2012,92(1):7-18
Nach einem wirtschaftlich sehr positiven Jahr 2011, mussten die ?konomischen Prognosen für das Wachstum 2012 deutlich herabgesetzt
werden. Die Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitute erwarten für Deutschland nur noch ein Wachstum von 0,8%. Die Vertreter der einzelnen
Industriezweige sind aber etwas optimistischer als die Prognosen für die Gesamtwirtschaft. 相似文献
50.
The transparency that journalists and newsrooms can produce for their audience has long been regarded as a rather marginal criterion for journalistic quality. But new transparency models??due to the interactivity, immediacy, archiving capacity and the absent limitation of space in the internet??offer greater potentials than classical instruments in print and broadcasting. In comments, web videos, blogs, twitter feeds and social networks, journalists discuss with users and publicly account for editorial decisions. Transparency is fashionable in the digital public sphere; its evaluation, however, is not clear, but ambiguous and complex. This paper conceptualizes (self-)transparency and qualitatively classifies the available instruments in a three-dimensional matrix model. This is to facilitate the analysis of problematic areas and potential conflicts: Newsrooms demonstrating open self-reflection dismiss the ideal of ??objective journalism??. Yet, transparency is not only an ethical demand, but is also supposed to strengthen trust in journalistic products because it permits quality evaluations by the audience. An experiment shows, for the first time, that self-transparency has an effect on trust in some aspects but not as a basic principle. Analysing this interdependency, we have to distinguish between transparency of process and of product as well as between different media. 相似文献