The current status of microcomputer usage in the marketing programs of AACSB-accredited colleges and universities

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive survey of microcomputer usage in marketing education today. This status report indicates that AACSB-accredited universities are making considerable progress in integrating microcomputers into their marketing programs.     

Parenthood and wildland recreation consumption: An unexplored phenomenon

The effects of parenthood on consumer decision making have not been systematically studied in prior research of the wildland recreation phenomenon. The present study utilizes data from the most recent National Survey of Recreation to assess the direct effects of parenthood on wilderness-related or wildland outdoor recreation behavior. Additionally, a framework for the conceptualization of the interrelationship between human values, demographics, attitudes toward the environment, wildland management policy variables, attitudes toward wildland recreation, and wildland recreation consumption is proposed. The findings suggest that parenthood is an important variable in understanding wildland outdoor recreation consumption. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Biproportional Methods of Structural Change Analysis: A Typological Survey

Analysts often are interested in learning how much an exchange system has changed over time or how two different exchange systems differ. Identifying structural difference in exchange matrices can be performed using either 'directed' or 'undirected' methods. Directed methods are based on the computation and comparison of column- or row-normalizations of the matrices. The choice of row or column for the normalization implies a specific direction of the exchanges, so that the column-wise normalized results should not be compared to the row-wise normalized results. In this category fall the simple comparison of coefficient matrices and the causative method. Undirected methods do not impose such underlying constraints on exchanges. Hence, I present a set of undirected methods that can be used to compare structural matrices: the biproportional ordinary filter, the biproportional mean filter and the bi-Markovian filter. While doing so, I recall why the bicausative method must be dismissed. I then classify the methods according to their orientation and data needs, and illustrate how the results can differ from one method to the next using French tables for 1980 and 1997.     

Genuine or Spurious Institutionalism?Veblen and Ayres Seen from a Neo-Classical Perspective Raises the Question

A bstract . Orthodox critics of Institutional Economics , such as Professor David Seckler , are often confused—abysmally, in my personal opinion—about the basic socioeconomic and philosophical foundations of Institutionalism. In order to demonstrate the interpretive errors of Seckler's orthodox individualistic bias, which I regard as inanities, and his resultant perception of Institutionalist principles, which I think is farcical, an outline discussion of those key principles is presented under seven headings; 1) The Problem of Teleology; 2) Dualistic Philosophy; 3) The Concept of Culture; 4) The Nature of Institutions; 5) The Ceremonial-Instrumental Dichotomy; 6) The Technological-Scientific Process, and 7) The Value Problem.     

Menu Costs, Nominal Wage Revisions, and Intracontract Wage Behavior

We use data from indexed and nonindexed Canadian wage agreements to study the intracontract profile of nominal and real wages. Allowing for endogenous switching between the two indexation categories, we conclude that the number of nominal wage revisions depends on contract duration, expected inflation, and the cost of adjusting wages. Our results have implications for the menu cost, overlapping contracts, dynamic monopoly union, and efficient bargain literatures.     

On optimality in collective institutional choice

Conditions are investigated under which democratic choice of the division of land between collective and “private” use and of the distribution of collective income between “needs” and “work” payments will produce a Pareto-optimal land allocation and optimal collective labor incentives. Sen's optimal rule for the degree of “needs” distribution is found to result from self-interested voting on this parameter when the distribution of labor inputs is unskewed or when votes are weighted by labor contributions. This in turn increases the optimality of land allocation, which can be further improved by a simple rental scheme. J. Comp. Econ., Dec. 1981, 5(4), pp. 392–403. Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.     

The “Dorfman-Steiner” rule: The intertemporal case

Conclusion Ireland was right in pointing out the weaknesses of the equation of motion (1.1) in the original paper. However if one turns to a more specific formulation of this equation such as (1.3), it can be shown that the equality between and still holds true for the continuous case as for the discontinuous one.This reply has greatly benefited from comments by M. Beuthe and A. Bultez. The author remains solely responsible for any error.     

The Conflict Between the Scientific-Technological Process and Malignant Ceremonialism*

Abstract . A technological revolution may be seen as the process when more flexible or warranted technological relations break through destructive forces so decisively that the institutional-technological structure is transformed into what Clarence Ayres called a set of “efficient organizational structures.” Growing flexibility of such relations can lead to broader public access to the means of life This creates conflict because ceremonial forces are expressed through repressive. obstructive and exploitative institutions in technology and science so that there is a greater benefit to those rested powers than to society, and because the vested interests ability to withhold or charge heavily for access to economic opportunity would be reduced. Two processes are at loggerheads: encapsulation vs. liberation. A ‘general trust’ in ‘technology’(used as an euphemism for the anti-consumer business power system) abandons the main thrust of the ceremonial instrumental dichotomy: the scientific-technological process is the social context in which the forces of warranted or warrantable knowledge are expressed through community institutions enlarging accessibility and participation on a peer-to-peer basis. Thus the reconstructed dichotomy is both a coinflict theory and a conflict resolution theory.