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121.
One way for insurance companies to ensure against high losses due to catastrophic events is the purchase of index-based catastrophic
loss instruments. The payoff of these instruments is strongly related to the development of an index, which implies that the
degree and type of dependence between the insurer’s losses and the index is crucial for their hedging effectiveness. In addition,
management strategies on the asset side play an important role for risk management. In this paper, effects of investment decisions
and index-based risk transfer instruments on an insurer’s solvency capital requirements are investigated with special focus
on the impact of the degree and type of dependence between relevant processes. 相似文献
122.
In general, conglomeration leads to diversification of risk (the diversification benefit) and a decrease in shareholder value
(the conglomerate discount). Diversification benefits in financial conglomerates are typically derived without explicitly
accounting for reduced shareholder value. However, a comprehensive analysis requires competitive conditions within the conglomerate,
i.e., shareholders and debt holders should receive risk-adequate returns on their investment. In this paper, we contribute
to the literature on this topic by comparing the diversification effect in conglomerates with and without accounting for altered
shareholder value. We derive results for a holding company, a parent-subsidiary structure, and an integrated model. In addition,
we consider different types of capital and risk transfer instruments in the parent-subsidiary model, including intragroup
retrocession and guarantees. We conclude that under competitive conditions, diversification does not matter to the extent
frequently emphasized in the literature. The analysis contributes to the ongoing discussion on group solvency regulation and
enterprise risk management, which is of relevance to insurance groups and other financial conglomerates. 相似文献
123.
We present empirical evidence suggesting that the effect of the host country corporate tax rate on the debt ratio of multinational affiliates in developing economies is positive and larger than the same effect for affiliates in developed economies. 相似文献
124.
Ooms Ward Caniëls Marjolein C. J. Roijakkers Nadine Cobben Dieudonnee 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2020,16(4):1225-1258
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal - Smart cities use integrated information and communication technology in order to help their citizens and organizations deal with the... 相似文献
125.
Among the trends impacting most industries are new mobility concepts, digitalization, urbanization, rising environmental awareness, and demographic change. The automobile insurance industry, in particular, is strongly affected by new mobility concepts, including autonomous, shared, and electric vehicles, which are expected to increasingly impact the risk exposure and insurance demand in the future. Identifying and assessing the resulting risk and opportunity landscape from these trends thus becomes a major strategic challenge for insurers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the trends that impact the field of mobility and thus automobile insurers. Based on this, we derive a set of strategic response measures for insurers to enable them to be prepared for the future of mobility. 相似文献
126.
Business ethics should be taught in business schools as an integrated part of core curricula in MBA programs with a dual focus on both analytical frameworks and their applications to the business disciplines. To overcome the reluctance of many faculty to handle ethical issues, a critical mass of faculty must develop suitable materials, educate their peers in its use, and take the lead by introducing it in their own courses and on senior management programs.Jeffrey Gandz is an Associate Professor in the School of Business Administration, The University of Western Ontario. Following ten years of management experience in Europe and North America, Professor Gandz completed his Ph.D. at York University. He is active as a mediator and arbitrator in labour disputes, teaches Organizational Behavior, Human Resource Management, and Labour Relations at Western, and has published widely in those fields.Nadine Hayes is a Ph.D. candidate at The University of Western Ontario and a graduate of Western's Honors Business Administration Program. She has written several case studies in the field of Business Ethics and has worked with Jeffrey Gandz in developing the School's approach to the teaching of business ethics. 相似文献
127.
Universal life policies are the most popular insurance contract design in the United States. They provide either a level death benefit paying a fixed face amount or an increasing death benefit paying a fixed benefit plus the available cash value, and both types include the option to switch from one type to the other. In this article, we investigate the fact that—unlike a switch from level to increasing—a switch from an increasing death benefit to a level death benefit requires neither fees nor evidence of insurability. To assess the impact of the death benefit switch option, we develop a model framework of an increasing universal life insurance policy embedding this option. Consideration of heterogeneity with respect to mortality via a stochastic differential mortality factor enables an investigation of adverse exercise behavior. In a comprehensive simulation analysis, we quantify the net present value of the option from the insurer's perspective using risk‐neutral valuation under stochastic interest rates assuming empirical exercise probabilities. Based on our results, we provide policy recommendations for life insurers. 相似文献
128.
Most of the newly acceded central and east European EU countries are among the main beneficiaries of EU Cohesion Policy. The
main objective of this policy is to improve the long-term growth and employment prospects of the supported regions, and thereby
to support convergence towards higher levels of per capita income. In the short run, however, EU Cohesion Policy may at times
amplify macroeconomic challenges for supported countries. In periods of a downturn of the economy it can have a stabilising
impact. During periods of unsustainably fast economic growth, however, its short-term demand effects may contribute to internal
and/or external macroeconomic imbalances. Economic policymakers should thus ensure that EU Cohesion Policy enhances long-term
productivity, while avoiding, in times of overheating, an increased risk of unsustainable developments as a result of the
additional demand stimulus from EU Cohesion Policy.
The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Central
Bank. The authors are grateful to Martin Bijsterbosch, Gesa Miehe-Nordmeyer, Ad van Riet, Philipp Rother and Desom Weller
for their helpful comments. 相似文献
129.
Recent studies suggest that multinational firm activities at home and abroad are positively correlated which may be due to the use of common inputs (like marketing, patents, etc.). Then, a cost shock at one location may lead to reduced activity in all other locations within the firm. In this paper, we theoretically and empirically analyze national corporate tax policy in such a setting. Our main hypothesis is that corporate taxation at the parent location not only reduces the parent's capital stock but also lowers capital stocks at affiliates abroad. Using micro data on European multinational firms, we confirm the hypothesis showing that a 10 percentage point increase in corporate tax rates is associated with a 5.6% decrease in the affiliate's capital stock. From a welfare point of view, this cross-border tax effect on the capital stock gives rise to a negative fiscal externality of corporate taxation which is empirically shown to compensate a substantial fraction of the well-known positive externality due to profit shifting. 相似文献
130.