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91.
92.
Hilde C. Bjørnland Dag Henning Jacobsen 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2013,115(4):1084-1106
We analyze the role of house prices and stock prices in the monetary‐policy transmission mechanism in the US, using a structural vector autoregressive model. If we allow the interest rate and asset prices to react simultaneously to news, we find different roles for house prices and stock prices in the monetary transmission mechanism. Following a contractionary monetary‐policy shock, stock prices fall immediately, while the response in house prices is more gradual. Regarding the systematic response in monetary policy, stock prices play a more important role than house prices. As a consequence, house prices contribute more than stock prices to fluctuations in gross domestic product and inflation. 相似文献
93.
Many multinationals rely on acquisitions when expanding internationally. However, cross‐border integration processes are complex and often result in a looser integration than intended. In this study, we examine the postacquisition process in a multinational seeking global integration of its geographically dispersed organizational units. We find that politicization and ambiguity lead to integration vacuum where top‐down initiatives fail to achieve desired integration outcomes. However, the integration vacuum creates expanded space of action for the acquired firm to initiate unexpected bottom‐up integration. We contribute to the literature on multinationals by illuminating the challenges they face when extending their dominant strategic logic to international acquisitions. Furthermore, we identify the process through which politicization and ambiguity lead to integration vacuum that allows the foreign subsidiary an expanded space of action wherein it can initiate bottom‐up integration efforts. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
94.
Since sponsoring is an increasingly important marketing communication medium, it is important for managers to know whether
their sponsorships are giving a good financial return relative to other communication alternatives. Although several “rules
of thumb” are commonly used in the industry for converting sponsorship exposure time into television advertising equivalent
values, this research is the first to empirically test them by means of two experiments employing realistic stimuli and representative
samples. Across 6 stimuli brands, study 1 finds that an average of 127 s of sponsor logo exposure achieves the same effects
as a 30 s TV ad, but variance around this figure is high and depends on a variety of factors such as communication goal, sponsor
fit, type of exposure, and whether the sponsor is a known brand. Study 2 finds that combining sponsoring with television advertising
does increase the effects of sponsoring, although effects vary widely depending on the context, but even in the best case
the increase is not supportive of the high levels of advertising suggested by many industry experts. Overall, the findings
will allow managers to more confidently assess the financial value of their sponsorship investments. 相似文献
95.
In this paper, we analyze housing‐market reactions to the release of previously unpublished information on school quality. Using high‐quality housing data, which precisely bracket the timing of the information shock, we investigate housing‐price dynamics within school‐catchment areas. We find a robust short‐term housing‐market reaction to the publication of school‐quality indicators, suggesting that this information was new to the households, and that households are willing to pay for better schools. The publication effect does not seem to be permanent as prices revert to pre‐publication levels after two to three months. 相似文献
96.
Australia's and Canada's real wage experiences between 1870 and 1913 were distinctive. Faster productivity growth underpinned Canada's overtaking of Australia's wage levels. The globalization forces of migration and trade also shaped their comparative wages, principally by reducing wage growth in Canada. Immigration increased slightly Australia's real wages, but reduced wage levels in Canada, and tempered there the beneficial effects of rising productivity and improving terms of trade. In contrast, wage earners' share of national income rose after 1890 in Australia, with the productivity slowdown hitting chiefly rents and profits. Distributional shifts favouring wage earners in Australia, and the depressing effects of mass immigration on wages in Canada, limited Canada's wage lead before 1914, despite her faster productivity growth. 相似文献
97.
Jakob B. Madsen 《Empirical Economics》2007,33(1):1-21
Empirical tests of the Fisher hypothesis give conflicting results, regardless of whether income growth is accommodated in
the estimates. This paper shows theoretically and empirically that standard methods of testing the Fisher hypothesis give
biased results and that the bias depends on the specification of the Fisher equation, the process governing inflation, measurement
of inflation expectations, and the time aggregation of the data. Alternative tests show that share markets take several years
to adjust to innovations in inflation and therefore that the Fisher hypothesis cannot be maintained.
Helpful comments and suggestions from Hans Christian Kongsted, Darrel Turkington and seminar participants at the University
of Western Australia, and University of Konstanz and, particularly, two referees, are gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
98.
Einar Lier Madsen 《Entrepreneurship & Regional Development》2013,25(2):185-204
This study focuses on the importance of changes in entrepreneurial orientation (EO) over time for subsequent firm performance, and the significance which inimitable resources (networks, governance system and unique competence) might have in this connection. Hypotheses are developed to test the effects that changes in EO level over a time period and resources have on subsequent firm performance. The study is based on data from 168 Norwegian SMEs, interviewed both in 2000 and 2003. The primary contribution of this study is that a change in EO over time (increased or decreased), may be of importance for a firm's performance represented by performance compared to competitors, and employment growth. A focus on entrepreneurial activities seems to be beneficial in the long run (increasing EO), while the opposite is the case if the EO level decreases. It is especially encouraging to see that firms focusing on EO (increased or the same) are positively associated with employment growth, one of the primary policy goals world-wide. Another contribution from this study is that resources that may be inimitable for firms have some influence on performance compared to competitors. Implications for policy-makers, practitioners and further research are discussed. 相似文献
99.
Previous evidence suggests that enrollment in post‐compulsory education increases (decreases) in cyclical downturns (upturns). However, little evidence exists on whether enrollment is successfully transformed into completed education. This paper adds to the literature by analyzing the relationship between completion of upper secondary education and regional unemployment using Norwegian regional panel data on students graduating from compulsory school between 1981 and 2004. We find robust evidence that completion rates are countercyclical. Our results suggest that poor labor‐market conditions when starting upper secondary education have a lasting effect and motivate students to stay in school and graduate. 相似文献
100.
Recent history has seen an increase in the utilization of partial equilibrium based forest sector models to identify potential impacts of various policies or timber market shocks. These models are particularly useful in that they employ economic theory to capture the interaction of supply and demand in a framework where commodity prices are endogenous to the policy or shock simulated. We present recent developments and linkages between models and review applications of these models to forest policy questions over the previous decade. We conclude with a discussion of potential future directions for such research. 相似文献