经济欠发达地区吸引人才的对策探讨

随着经济全球化的发展,人才争夺战也在全球展开.但流出人才的经济欠发达地区一直处于人才竞争劣势.经济发展急需大量人才和区域经济发展不平衡导致大量人才由经济欠发达地区流向发达地区.本文就欠发达地区如何吸引、留住人才做出了一些对策研究,并提出了自己的观点.     

Self-employment and the Okun's law

This research establishes a significant relationship between the share of self-employment in total employment and the Okun's coefficient, which had been insufficiently addressed in the literature. We provide evidence on the determinants driving the differences in the unemployment–output relationship in Spanish regions and conclude that the differences in the share of self-employment in total employment prove relevant when accounting for differences in Okun's law, and its effect is greater than that of labour productivity per worker, which had been considered the main factor for regional discrepancies. The economic policy implications of this outcome are valuable for two reasons: European authorities are promoting self-employment and the emergence of the ‘gig economy’. This finding also opens a notable line of research: assessing whether this empirical regularity is observable in other economies.     

From Territorial Cohesion to Regional Spatial Justice: The Well-Being of Future Generations Act in Wales

The European Union's flagship Cohesion Policy faces evidence of dubious economic effectiveness and growing political and philosophical critiques of the very ideals of furthering European integration. This article examines ambitions for territorial cohesion as they have been operationalized through regional development in Wales. We argue that a potential alternative to the failed realization of territorial cohesion lies in the principles of spatial justice. While territorial cohesion has typically emphasized the redistribution of funds to ‘lagging’ regions, spatial justice, as we define it, is premised upon enabling regions to assert their own capacity to act and pursue positive visions of regional futures, consider the implications of space and scale for the achievement of justice, and define well-being, development and the ‘good life’ in ways that reflect regional priorities. We examine three ways in which recent political discourses and policy mechanisms in Wales resonate with these ideals. We focus on attempts to envision a progressive Welsh future, develop alternative spaces and scales of governance, and redefine and pluralize understandings of progress and well-being. The article concludes by reflecting on the practical and conceptual implications of rescaling spatial justice to regional contexts.     

Assessment of regional productive performance of European health systems under a metatechnology framework

Within last seventy years, healthcare spending in Europe has grown faster than national income. However, this does not always translate into good health indicators, suggesting a problem of efficiency in different European health systems. This paper analyzes the efficiency of such systems for 185 European regions in 17 countries by grouping them into three clusters according to their institutional setting: regulation, funding and service provision. We investigate their productive performance by adopting a metafrontier framework for exploring the role of technological spillovers. Our findings suggest that the three European health systems show similar efficiency performance; the best performers are regions that have adopted social healthcare insurance; kernel analysis indicates that there is convergence toward a single club in each frontier. Finally, we find a dramatic change in the convergence process after the nancial crisis, with European regions converging toward different groups with different levels of efficiency.     

New regional aviation policy in India: Early indicators and lessons learnt

In this article, we study the new regional aviation policy of India along with data collected on the performance of the scheme since its introduction in 2016. The scheme has multiple objectives. First, it wants to increase footprints of civil aviation to unserved and underserved airports of India. Second, it intends to make flying more affordable. It comes out, the aviation market in the country has expanded due to the addition of new routes under the scheme but data indicates that there is a regional imbalance in the performance of the scheme. Moreover, there are still questions on the long term sustainability of many routes and finding a solution for neglect of some priority regions. We have identified economic and commercial challenges that need to be addressed for the program to achieve its goals. The insights gathered during the study can be generalized and policy makers and managers of remote area air-connectivity schemes of different countries should find them useful.     

较发达地区农村宅基地使用权流转研究

我国政策一直关注农民的问题,党的十七大报告提出要让更多群众拥有财产性收入,而在刚刚举行的十八届三中全会中更是强调要增加农民的财产性收入。在我国当前的农村宅基地制度下,农民只拥有宅基地的占有权和使用权,一方面把一部分农民捆绑在宅基地上,而更为重要的是,限制了农民收益的增加。文章从收益权的角度去思考和研究我国较发达地区的农村宅基地制度,认为较发达地区的农村已经具备了进行宅基地使用权流转的条件,因而必须进行制度创新,使农民拥有更多财产性收入。     

Urbanization,land use transformation and spatio-environmental impacts: Analyses of trends and implications in major metropolitan regions of Ghana

Urbanization induces spatial and environmental changes. Monitoring and understanding the nature of these changes is crucial to achieving sustainable urban development imperatives. To this end, this paper examines the evolution and spatio-environmental impacts of rapid urbanization in two major metropolitan regions of Ghana—Accra-City Region and the Greater Kumasi Sub-Region. The analysis uses Landsat satellite data and landscape metrics to examine land use transitions and to characterize the emergent landscapes over the last three decades. The results show that built-up land has increased significantly in these metropolitan regions largely at the expense of environmental land cover classes. The expansion process follows a general trend where the historical-core zones were initially sites of rapid land cover conversion to built-up, with settlements in the suburban and peripheral zones expanding in recent years and becoming integrated into the conterminous urban areas of the metropolitan regions. The analysis also uncovered a unique, dynamic and complex process whereby the urban-open-space class, being in a permanent state of flux, mediates transitions between built-up land and vegetation and vice versa. The metric-based land use transformation analysis shows that the landscape of the metropolitan regions has fragmented because of an increased expansion and aggregation of patches of built-up land in the core areas and leapfrog, sprawling expansion in the outlying suburban and peripheral zones. The paper concludes on the need for integrative urban growth management strategies that brings together spatial planning and environmental resource governance to avert the negative consequences on the natural environment of unfettered urban expansion.     

民族地区巩固和扩大脱贫攻坚成果的影响因素分析*——基于内蒙古自治区兴安盟12个贫困嘎查（村）、209个贫困户的调查数据

［目的］利用内蒙古自治区兴安盟科尔沁右翼中旗、科尔沁右翼前旗、扎赉特旗12个贫困嘎查（村）、209个贫困户的调查数据,分析民族地区巩固和扩大脱贫攻坚成果的影响因素及支撑条件。［方法］从产业扶贫的视角,选取代表性指标对产业发展、政策落实、新型经营主体带动、技术支撑这4个影响因素进行分析。［结果］（1）到户扶贫产业全覆盖,其中,“菜单式”是最主要的扶贫产业模式,即贫困户结合自身实际、自愿选择适合的项目自主发展; （2）虽然到户扶贫产业资金全部落实,但是扶贫产业金融贷款支持政策覆盖率偏低,贫困户购买养殖业保险的比例也不高; （3）新型经营主体带动贫困户增收作用显著,一半以上的贫困户与新型经营主体建立了利益联结机制,但是旗与旗之间发展很不均衡; （4）贫困户普遍掌握牛、羊养殖技术,把牛、羊养殖作为扶贫主导产业具有较好的基础。［结论］应从加强扶贫产业后续管理、加强养殖业保险宣传、加强对新型经营主体扶持、完善健康扶贫政策和社会兜底保障政策等方面着手,支撑民族地区巩固和扩大脱贫攻坚成果。     

南方岩溶石山区的土地整理规划设计--以广西南丹县瑶里村为例

在简要论述南方岩溶石山区的自然特征和土地利用特征的基础上,以广西南丹县瑶里村为例探讨南方岩溶石山区土地整理的目的及其设计方法,并对其效益进行了评价,以实现此类地区的土地可持续利用。通过实证研究得出：南方岩溶石山区土地整理有鲜明的特色,具有多种多样的土地整理运作模式。岩溶石山区土地整理既要因地制宜,同时又必须机动灵活。     

从乡村建设到村域经营--欠发达地区农村适度规模经营模式初探

“村域经营”是在市场经济背景下提出的农村发展理念，是联产承包责任制条件下欠发达地区乡村适度规模经营的具体实践。它对村域各种闲置资源进行有机整合，并转化为资本，从而实现从“乡村建设”到“村域经营”的转变。在这个系统中，城市企业、村民委员会、农民结成以股权为纽带的利益共同体，通过城市资本的拉动作用，提高了农民的组织化程度和科技水平，对于增加欠发达地区农民收入，促进乡村社会进步具有重要意义。