Resistance to Trade Liberalization in Unionized Sector

This paper studies the lobbying against trade liberalization by both a firm and a union in the same industry. We find that the relationship between their political activities depends on the effect of political activity by one on the marginal effectiveness of political activity by the other. We also show that, when they are strongly risk-averse and their political activities are strategic complements, trade liberalization is likely to be successful if business is brisk, the foreign firm's production cost is high or the number of union members is small. However, when they are not strongly risk-averse, these results hold reversely.     

反倾销规则与“中欧石材案”

反倾销规则是 WTO允许的世界各国均可采用的维护公平贸易秩序、抵制不正当竞争的重要手段之一 ,其规则非常严密 ,主要是明确规定了反倾销必须同时具备的三个条件及反倾销的程序。WTO成立以后 ,各成员方纷纷修改本国的反倾销法律 ,我国于 2 0 0 1年 12月 10日颁布了《中华人民共和国反倾销条例》,使之与 WTO的反倾销规则相一致。同时 ,也在积极利用 WTO反倾销规则来反对他国反倾销的滥用。 2 0 0 1年引起各界广泛关注的欧盟对我国石材业反倾销申诉案 ,经涉诉的我国 2 7家企业的积极应诉 ,终以欧盟撤诉 ,我方取得全面胜利而告终。这是我国按照 WTO原则建立自我保护体系 ,有效保护本国经济利益和经济发展的重要举措。意味着我国政府也将利用反倾销这把“利剑”来保护国内企业     

The causes and consequences of sector‐level job flows in Poland*

We look at the determinants and consequences of job reallocation in the 22 2‐digit sectors of the manufacturing industry in Poland over the period 1995–99. We find that import competition and a competitive market structure (weak concentration) have a positive and significant effect on job reallocation. Moreover, higher job reallocation is associated with higher labour productivity growth in some specifications. This confirms implications from neo‐Schumpeterian growth models: one channel through which competition might positively affect growth is through the reallocation of scarce resources from declining firms to rising ones. JEL Classifications: F16, J24, J6, O3, P3.     

《服务贸易总协定》及其对中国贸易的影响

我国已成为WTO成员国，因此必须遵守WTO所有规则，特别是要遵守《服务贸易总协定》，为我国服务业发展服务，解读和掌握这一协定的基本知识、规则，就显得极其重要和必要。     

当前我国植物油籽贸易的特征、发展趋势与对策

当前石油资源日趋枯竭,柴油供需缺口巨大,寻找和开发新的柴油替代能源势在必行。作为生物柴油开发的优质原料,大豆、油菜等植物油籽的国际工业化需求将会大幅上升,国内外油籽价格倒挂的现象将得到改善,我国植物油籽贸易也将出现新的局面。结合贸易自由化的背景,首先分析了目前我国植物油籽贸易的总量特征、产品结构特征及国别特征;其次分别对大豆、油菜籽、花生、芝麻、葵花籽等重点植物油籽产品的贸易特征及未来发展趋势做出了判断;最后针对当前我国植物油籽贸易中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

Copper trade and production of copper,brass and bronze goods in the Oldenburg monarchy: copperworks and copper users in the eighteenth century

This paper explores trade connections – or the lack of such – between copperworks and copper processing plants in the Oldenburg Monarchy in the eighteenth century. Domestic customs areas, high tariffs on raw material export and import bans sought to encourage domestic copper and brass goods production of Norwegian copper raw material, however this was only realised halfway. The raw material from Norway was largely exported, and copper and brass materials used to produce copper-, brass and bronze goods were imported from all over the world. The copperworks and processing plants in the Monarchy never became strongly integrated due to several reasons. First, shareholders of copperworks acquired favourable credit deals abroad, and preferred to export the copper, and second, copper materials had different features and processing plants used all sorts of copper inputs in the making of goods, not only copper raw material. Norway produced mostly gar copper, so copper plants and coppersmiths had to turn elsewhere for other types of copper. Production of copper and brass goods increased, but did not meet the domestic demand partly due to a strong foreign competition. The optimal goal of ‘mercantilist theory’ regarding copper and brass import substitution was not reached.     

黑龙江省对俄贸易发展存在的问题及对策研究

目前,黑龙江省在对俄贸易、投资、经济技术合作等方面取得巨大成绩的同时,还存在着一系列急需解决的问题：对俄贸易企业的整体实力不强;进出口商品结构单一;商品货物贸易层次较低;出口产品技术含量低;缺乏本省名牌产品;市场贸易秩序与服务贸易体系不健全等,影响和制约了对俄贸易的进一步发展。促进对俄贸易的发展,必须转变外贸形式,优化贸易产品结构,着力打造本土企业品牌,提高商品技术含量,拓展能源原材料投资合作领域。同时,坚持＂以俄为主、注重日韩、兼顾其他＂的原则,大力开拓国际市场,从而促进黑龙江省对外贸易快速发展。     

韩国疗养保健客源市场分析

疗养保健客源市场是发展涉外疗养保健服务贸易的关键所在。早在2000年韩国已经步入老龄化社会,且老龄化趋势持续进一步加剧。利用韩国统计厅公布的资料,从韩国的人口结构、医疗保健、社会环境、社会福利分析入手,深入研究韩国疗养保健客源市场,发现韩国特定的人口结构状况及医疗保健等方面存在诸多问题,可为我国开发韩国老龄人口疗养保健市场提供可能性和必要性。