On measuring the wealth of nations: the US economy, 1964-2001

This paper examines the methodology of Shaikh and Tonak (Measuringthe Wealth of Nations, 1994) underlying their calculation ofestimates of productive labour in the US economy from 1964 to2001. The focus is not on the results but on the methods thatgenerate them. The paper finds that the compromises made byShaikh and Tonak because of data unavailability are unreliable,and that better approximations are possible. On this latterbasis, the Shaikh and Tonak methodology can be used to providethe labour and wage estimates needed for empirical investigationsin the surplus-based tradition.     

Strategies to prevent economic recessions from causing business failure

An average of more than 500,000 businesses failed in the United States during each of the 10 recessions that have occurred since the end of World War II. Yet, scholar and practitioner understanding of how to prepare for and respond to the challenges of an economic downturn remains extremely limited. This article analyzes and synthesizes the information from academic theory and business experience on managing through an economic recession. To assist firms in successfully navigating economic recessions, we suggest a program that involves positioning by investing in multiple markets and geographies, planning by developing a turnaround plan for facing sharply declining sales, promoting by maintaining marketing initiatives, and preparing by acting in anticipation of economic recovery.     

Entrepreneurs in the making: Six decisions for fostering entrepreneurship through maker spaces

Maker spaces—shared production facilities offering access to basic and advanced manufacturing technologies—have quickly become the latest must-have for universities, large corporations, and communities looking to foster entrepreneurship and innovation. While the entrepreneurial and educational prospects of maker spaces are certainly intriguing, questions remain concerning their design and effectiveness. Drawing primarily on case evidence and conversations with five maker spaces located across the U.S., we identify and present six key decisions for maker space leaders looking to foster entrepreneurship in their organizations. We conclude with a decision framework for maker space leaders and a series of questions for entrepreneurs as both groups work to pursue entrepreneurship through and in maker spaces.     

浅析绵阳生态城市建设

This paper probes into the establishment of ecological city of Mianyang and directive thoughts, measures,and countermoves are put forward based on analyzing the current situation about ecological environment of Mianyang City.     

创新的规模经济与企业绩效——基于协同作用的考察

有许多因素导致企业的创新活动具有规模经济的特征,了解这些因素对企业管理者制定创新政策具有重要意义。理论上看,企业的广告活动有助于创新规模经济的实现,从而改善企业绩效。基于中国制造业上市公司样本的实证研究发现,从整体上看,研发支出与企业绩效显著正相关,广告支出与企业绩效没有统计上显著的关系,但广告支出有利于创新规模经济的实现。广告活动的协同作用会受到企业规模的影响,在中等规模企业里广告支出的促进作用比在大企业和小企业里从经济意义上看更为重要,并且统计上更为显著。     

论国际金融危机对完善我国金融监管法制的警示

法律时宏观调控与微观规范层面多方面的错误共同作用所产生的结果,是最终引发国际金融危机的深层次原因之一.美国法律对美联储宽松货币政策规范不力是酿成危机的重要根源,金融信贷管制法律松弛助长"次贷"违规通行无阻是酿成危机的重要隐患.金融监管体系存在法律漏洞是酿成危机的重要因素,法律长期缺乏对金融技术与制度创新保持协调发展的规范是酿成危机的关键性因素.国际金融危机警示我们,必须依法推进市场调节与政府调控实现相辅相成,强化金融监管措施,强化对金融创新风险的防控,力求法律监管机制防范金融风险的全覆盖,依法防控国际金融危机对实体经济影响的深入.     

思想解放、理论创新、经济改革——纪念中国改革开放三十年

中国改革至今已经历了30年,我们取得了辉煌的成绩,明确了政府与企业的关系、企业与市场的关系、政府与市场的关系。通过产权改革,建立了清晰的现代企业制度,通过所有制结构的调整,使所有制的单一化走向所有制的多元化。解放了思想,创新了理论,实现了政府职能的切实转换。走过30年的改革道路,我们认识到,产权改革是基础,如果不从产权改革着手,就无法建立市场经济秩序;没有思想的解放,就不会有经济体制的转轨;在计划经济体制向市场经济体制转化过程中,会遇到很多困难,我们应努力去面对和克服。     

退耕还林对延安地区农业经济的影响

对延安地区11个农业县退耕前后耕地/播种总面积、种植业结构、农业投入、粮食、油料产量与单产量以及农民年均纯收入的变化进行了研究,探讨了退耕还林对延安地区农业经济的影响及其作用机制。退耕还林优化了农村的种植业结构与产业结构,全面带动了农村经济的发展。但仍然存在着一些亟待解决的问题,并给农村经济带来了一定的负面影响。     

基于循环经济的林业产业生态化

阐述了产业生态化、基于循环经济的林业产业生态化的内涵,并应用循环经济的原理从微观、中观、宏观3个层面对林业产业生态化的结构进行了分析研究,研究结果表明:在微观层面上,通过工艺改造、技术创新、流程改造等,实现资源在企业内部投入的减量化、废弃物排出的减量化,促进资源在企业内部的循环利用,进一步提高资源的利用效率、投入产出效率,减少企业废弃物的排放;在中观层面上,需要建立一套完善的协调机制,促进企业之间的信息流通,促进各个企业之间的协同合作,促进资源在由各个企业所组成的系统内实现循环利用,从而提高各个企业的决策效率;在宏观层面上,促进资源在全社会范围内的大循环,实现资源消耗的减量化,大幅度提高林业各个产业、各个环节的资源利用效率。通过各个产业之间的调整、优化来促进林业产业生态化,改善生态环境。