国际贸易中的技术性壁垒及我国对策

二十一世纪是全球经济一体化的知识时代 ,科学的巨大变革已经渗透于人类社会的方方面面 ,而国际贸易中的技术性壁垒则体现了贸易保护主义与科技相结合的作用。并且 ,这种非关税壁垒形式以其正义的外衣、巨大的影响力和借助科技的快速发展越来越成为国际贸易中不可忽视的保护手段。中国作为世界贸易组织的新成员更应在这方面进行研究 ,并制定相应的战略。     

Bureaucratic integration and regional specialization in China

Fiscal decentralization introduced as part of China's economic reform since 1979 has unleashed strong incentives for China's local governments to pursue economic development, but the same incentives have also led to local protectionist policies inhibiting the process of regional specialization. This paper focuses on the constraints or freedom with which local governments can implement their protectionist policies. Using a panel data of 29 China's regions over the time period of 1985–1997, we find that China's political system of bureaucratic integration (specifically, concurrent appointment of local government officials in the central government) imposes constraints on the local governments from practicing protectionism. We also find that the effectiveness of local protectionist policies is limited by market competition, specifically, competition from foreign-invested firms operating in China and foreign imports. Our results on the role of local protectionism remain robust to controls for the regional variations in the size of the economy and the stage of economic development.     

府谷治污怪招的理论分析

地方保护主义严重存在于我国环境保护过程中，造成这一状况的原因主要是环境保护法律制度不健全、环境保护机构设置不科学和国民的环境保护意识不强。本文就此指出了改变现状的措施：强化国民环境意识、完善环境立法和改革环境保护体制。     

知识产权壁垒研究综述

在国际贸易往来中,知识产权作为贸易保护主义的一种工具被发达国家越来越频繁地使用,形成了一种新型的贸易壁垒即知识产权壁垒,随着贸易摩擦的频率与次数逐渐增多,其对贸易国家尤其是发展中国家构成了较大的威胁与障碍。立足于我国实际,通过结合国内外学者最新研究成果对知识产权壁垒研究进行梳理与总结并得出启示,提出我国相关产业与企业应客观看待并积极应对知识产权壁垒,不断提高自主创新能力与国际竞争力。     

新金融危机期间的贸易保护：国外研究综述

在全球经济一体化程度不断加深的背景下,始发于美国的金融危机迅速蔓延至全球。在这次危机期间,各国贸易保护措施的使用显著增加。由于经济、政治和法律背景发生了深刻变化,同时各国政府吸取了历史教训,当前的贸易保护主义与以前相比呈现出一些新特点,虽然其并未对当前世界经济和国际贸易产生太大的影响,但其潜在危害性也不可忽视。尤其是中国成为了各国贸易保护措施最频繁的目标指向,我们应深入研究新形势下贸易保护主义的特点与趋势及其对目标国的影响,寻求积极的应对策略。     

李斯特贸易保护主义理论管窥

李斯特以“生产力论”为核心,宣扬“国家经济学说”,强调贸易保护对建立和发展民族经济的积极作用,反对英法古典经济学所倡导的自由贸易理论,主张在德国推行贸易保护政策,集中体现了处于上升时期的德国资产阶级要求在国家的扶持下,发展民族经济的强烈愿望。     

金融危机正在改变世界

当前金融危机是经济周期的必然结果,其直接原因是以美元为核心的单体国际货币体系和保护主义日益严重导致的全球经济的长期失衡,要通过这场金融危机来平衡全球金融体系和经济的关系。因此,建立多元的国际货币体系,是这次金融危机之后最重大的金融制度的变革。目前金融还是现代经济的核心和心脏,不能因为金融危机而停止中国金融的市场化改革的步伐;同时,金融危机给中国带来了两个难得的机遇,即人民币的国际化和全球金融中心的构建。     

中国食品行业应诉国外反倾销的特点

近年来,中国食品行业在国际市场上屡遭反倾销投诉,企业损失惨重。因此,深刻了解国外对中国食品行业反倾销调查的特点,并采取相应措施,已成为中国企业进一步开拓国际市场的当务之急。针对上述现状,并结合国外对中国食品行业实施反倾销的四个特点,对其遭遇反倾销的原因及损害进行了深层次的分析。中国食品行业应该培养并形成自己的核心竞争力,并强化反倾销意识,这样可以从根本上改变食品行业出口频频遭遇反倾销的状况。     

Do U.S. citizens support government intervention in agriculture? Implications for the political economy of agricultural protection

The persistence of agricultural protectionism throughout the world is intriguing given the widely recognized benefits of free trade. The political economy literature over the last decades has considered groups’ interest, politicians’ preferences, and their interactions within domestic politics as the primary forces driving agricultural protection. Yet, a growing body of studies suggests that it would be judicious to weigh in consumers’ or taxpayers’ perspectives in deciphering the nature of agricultural protection. This study examines U.S. citizens’ preferences about government intervention in agriculture and trade. Results show that they are in strong support of agricultural protection and their perceptions of national food security, family farms, environmental sustainability, and multifunctionality of agriculture play a significant role in shaping their support/opposition toward government intervention. The conventional political economy literature theorizes that consumers or taxpayers would oppose public policies that increase their tax burden; however, in the case of the farm sector, they have little incentive to voice their objections given the costs of farm programs are spread across a large number of consumers and taxpayers. U.S. citizens’ support for government involvement in agriculture as reported in this and other prior studies does not lend support for such political economy explanation.     

Anatomy of Russia’s market segmentation1

Based on a relationship between price difference and demand difference among locations, the role of various market frictions in causing segmentation of the Russian goods market is analysed. The spatial sample covers most of Russian regions (70 of the 89); the data are annual, spanning 1992 to 2000. Spatial disconnectedness of regions is found to be responsible for about 70 percent of the average price differential, while the rest is caused by ‘artificial’ impediments to market integration such as regional protectionism, organized crime and intra‐region shipping conditions.