Changes in food provision in Russian households experiencing perestroika

The purpose of this article is to describe how households in Novgorod the Great, Russia, deal with food provision in everyday life. The study focuses on changes experienced in food provision and consumption in Russian society, in order to illustrate how households respond to the transformation towards a market economy. The study reflects women's perspective on food provision. Students from Novgorod the Great visited 105 households and asked the women in the household to answer a questionnaire. Results from the study show that in order to cope with changes in society related to economic reforms, Russian households had changed both their food consumption and food production patterns. There was no big difference between urban and rural households. Nearly all of the households were self‐sufficient in the provision of vegetables and potatoes. Many households had a ‘dacha’ (plot), where they produced most of what they needed. Among the changes experienced during recent years (i.e. during the end of the 1990s), a decade after perestroika was initiated, households mentioned the rise in food prices and the decrease of income. Households reported that they consumed less fruit and/or meat. Some households also mentioned that the quality of nourishment had decreased, thereby indicating lower general quality, lower nutrition value, or less healthy foodstuffs.     

浅析公共服务有效供给的新模式

通过对公共服务的属性分析，结合新政治经济学理论和政府失败的现实因素，探索公益物品的有效供给模式，提出了公共服务的签约转包机制，并分析了这一机制的不足和政府的作用。     

营销角度的特许经营及其竞争法上的思考

特许经营是一种新型的销售方式,作为企业分销系统的构成要素,能够起到降低风险,沟通生产与消费的作用。然而在实际经营过程中也会出现许多诸如指定购买与搭售、联合定价、独占经营等违反竞争法的问题。为适应不断变化的竞争形势,应从竞争法的层面上对其加以规制。     

有关台湾"大陆货品特殊防御机制"的法律思考

两岸入世后，台湾当局的大陆经贸政策与世界贸易组织的要求是有一定距离的，特别是台湾当局为大陆度身设置的“大陆货品特殊防御机制”，似乎是为了利用中国大陆在其《入世议定书》中对世贸组织成员的特别的承诺条款，但从法律角度而言，这是有违台湾在世贸组织《保障措施协议》项下的义务的，极易成为两岸之间有限的经贸互动中争端的导火绳。     

现代企业财务风险的测定和防范

在市场竞争环境下，现代企业面临的各种风险不断增多，财务风险作为企业特有的风险日益突出，是企业利用融资财务杠杆的直接后果，企业必须重视财务风险的测定和防范，以增强企业财务实力。     

The Workout of Banking Crises: A Macroeconomic Perspective

This paper provides a macroeconomic perspective for governmentinterventions in banking crisis. Such crisis occur when a largenumber of banks fail to meet capital requirements or are insolvent.Using a macroeconomic model with financial intermediation, ouranalyis suggests that strict enforcement of capital-adequaterules suffices in prosperous periods. Capital requirements serveas an indicator for crises interventions in critical stateswhich may require interest rate intervention and restructuringof the banking industry. These policies can be reinforced byrandom bailouts and temporary financial relief, with a largepercentage of the costs being covered by current and futureowners of banks. (JEL D41, E4, G2)     

Provision of Human Resources for Water Resources and Hydropower Projects——A case of CGGC

1.Management of Human Resources in ChinaGezhouba Construction Group Corporation1.1Brief Introduction of CGGCChina GeZhouBa Construction Group Corporation(hereinafterreferred to as CGGC)is a super huge enterprise subordinatedto StateAssets Supervision and Administration Commission of PRC.It main-ly conducts water conservancy project,hydropower project,thermalelectric power project,nuclear electric power station,industrial andcivil works,as well as other works state-ratified.It is fa…     

外国对中国反倾销的措施及我国的应对策略

反倾销问题是近年来我国对外贸易中的热门话题，该项贸易保护措施对我国企业的频繁使用使我国企业蒙受巨大损失，也成为我国国际贸易发展的重大障碍。面对这种局面，我国政府和企业应加强协调配合，同时各司其职、各负其责，政府应加强宏观调控，同时完善反倾销应诉机制，促进和国外的交流与合作；企业应规范内部管理，优化出口结构，建立灵活的经营策略，只有这样才能最大限度地维护我国企业的利益     

应用期权方法构建商业银行贷款利率模型

以分析公司普通股所具有的看涨期权特性为出发点，以Black—Scholes看涨期权定价模型为基础，根据不同企业资本结构和资产回报风险的差别，构造了一个商业银行基本贷款利率模型。从期权角度来设计贷款利率模型，除考虑了企业的经营风险因责外，还同时考虑了企业融资结构所带来的财务风险，能更加全面地反映出商业银行贷款的保障程度。     

金融创新与金融风险关系研究

从金融发展史看，金融创新始终是主要的动力源，没有创新推动，只能出现同一级别或同等水平上的数量扩张，而不可能形成层次逐渐提升的金融发展。但是，伴随着金融创新而产生的风险又是一种必然。本文围绕金融创新与金融风险关系的问题，从渊源、逻辑联系及其表现形式，金融创新与金融风险的时代特征及内在联系等方面进行深层次研究。文章认为，创新——风险——再创新螺旋式上升，循环中金融在演进、经济在发展。