The Long‐Run History of Income Inequality in Denmark

We use historical publications and micro data from tax returns to construct internationally comparable estimates of the development in income inequality in Denmark over the last 140 years. The study shows that income inequality and top income shares have declined during several distinct phases in between periods of stability. Furthermore, the quality of the Danish data allows us to analyse not only the development in top income shares but also broader inequality measures such as the Gini coefficient. These analyses show that top income shares are a good proxy for the underlying development in inequality.     

3-羟甲基四氢呋喃的合成研究

3-羟甲基四氢呋喃是合成第3代烟碱类杀虫剂呋虫胺和核苷类抗病毒药物喷昔洛韦的关键中间体,但长期以来由于使用大量金属硼氢化物造成生产成本高、安全风险高、废物多等缺点。以γ-丁内酯为原料,经Aldol缩合、硼氢化钠还原两步反应得到3-羟甲基四氢呋喃,总收率为51.9%,该法中间体α-羟甲基-γ-丁内酯只有一个内酯羰基需还原,原料γ-丁内酯和甲醛价廉易得,整个工艺路线适于工业化。     

基于S3C2410A的μC/OS-Ⅱ和μC/GUI的整合移植

文章以Samsung公司的S3C 2410A为嵌入式硬件开发平台,提出一种将实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ与图形用户界面μC/GUI整合构建成一个嵌入式应用系统的设计方案。该方案通过移植μC/OS-Ⅱ,初始化S3C 2410A内部LCD控制器,配置μC/GUI的相关文件和宏定义,总结出一套在S3C 2410A上具体的整合方法和移植步骤。最终测试表明该整合移植方法可行,系统平台运行稳定可靠。     

基于S3C2410的轮式移动机器人操作系统平台的构建

文章介绍了基于S3C2410微处理器在轮式移动机器人中的一个实际应用,介绍了Windows CE操作系统内核的剪裁和文件系统的改造,对S3C2410的加载过程以及实时检测界面应用程序的开发过程,并进行实验验证了方案的可行性。     

Global instability in experimental general equilibrium: the Scarf example

Scarf (Int. Econ. Rev. 1 (1960) 157) proposed a model of dynamic adjustment in which the standard tatonnement price adjustment process orbits around, rather than converges to, the competitive equilibrium. Hirota (Int. Econ. Rev. 22 (1981) 461) characterized the price paths. We explore the predictions of Scarf's model in a non-tatonnement experimental double auction. The average transaction prices in each period do follow the path predicted by the Scarf and Hirota models. When the model predicts convergence the data converge; when the model predicts orbits, the data orbit in the direction predicted by the model. Moreover, we observe a weak tendency for prices within a period to follow the path predicted by the model.     

天津市武清区大气O_3、NO_2和CO浓度变化特征研究

文章利用2014年天津市武清区大气污染物臭氧(O_3)、二氧化氮(NO_2)和一氧化碳(CO)的监测数据,分析研究武清区O_3及其前体物NO_2和CO等大气污染物浓度水平和变化特征。结果表明武清区O_3浓度水平呈现明显的季节变化特征。夏季O_3浓度为106μg·m~(-3),冬季浓度为28μg·m~(-3),主要与光化学反应在夏季比较强烈,冬季紫外强度和平均温度均较低,光化学反应较弱有关。2014年武清区大气中NO_2年均值为51μg·m~(-3),CO年均值为1.9 mg·m~(-3),冬季是NO_2和CO浓度最高的季节。     

R&3D视角下我国新能源汽车发展研究

针对我国新能源汽车市场发展不理想的现状,提出基于R&3D框架来研究制约我国新能源汽车示范和推广的影响因素。研究得出我国一是应强化技术就绪水平,提升产品的技术含量,为下一步示范和推广奠定基础;二是应夯实市场就绪水平,从供给侧和需求侧着手提高消费者的意愿,降低消费者购置和使用的成本;三是应完善制度就绪水平,引入市场竞争机制,创新新能源汽车商业模式,从而推动整个新能源汽车产业良性发展。     

Derechos de los trabajadores migrantes. Aspectos económicos,políticos y éticos

Las pol37;ticas de inmigraci3;n laboral de los pa37;ses de altos ingresos establecen una relaci3;n inversa entre el grado de apertura y algunos de los derechos concedidos a los migrantes admitidos. Esta observaci3;n emp37;rica es la base del libro The price of rights: Regulating international labor migration, que el autor de este art37;culo escribi3; en 2013. Aqu37; resume sus principales conclusiones, argumentos e implicaciones pol37;ticas, y responde a una reseña publicada por la Revista Internacional del Trabajo en 2015. Concluye exhortando a un debate más abierto sobre los v37;nculos entre derechos, migraci3;n laboral y desarrollo entre las organizaciones nacionales e internacionales interesadas en estas cuestiones.     

用于先进PCB制造技术的堆叠封装技术研究

球栅阵列封装器件和芯片尺寸封装器件的研究和应用使得印刷电路板的组装密度和性能得到了提高,达到了二维组装密度的极限。但如同之前的通孔直插器件和表面贴装器件一样,它们在电学、机械、热性能、尺寸、质量和可靠性方面达到最大值。目前,3D多芯片堆叠组装正在成为未来先进印刷电路板制造工艺的发展方向。按照结构特征可把其分为芯片堆叠封装和封装堆叠封装,重点对其中成本最低、性能最先进的元器件堆叠封装技术进行了研究。     

Bailout uncertainty in a microfounded general equilibrium model of the financial system

This paper develops a micro-founded general equilibrium model of the financial system composed of ultimate borrowers, ultimate lenders and financial intermediaries. The model is used to investigate the impact of uncertainty about the likelihood of governmental bailouts on leverage, interest rates, the volume of defaults and the real economy. The distinction between risk and uncertainty is implemented by applying the multiple priors framework to beliefs about the probability of bailout.Results of the analysis include: (i) An unanticipated increase in bailout uncertainty raises interest rates, the volume of defaults in both the real and financial sectors and may lead to a total drying up of credit markets. (ii) Lower exante bailout uncertainty is conducive to higher leverage, which in turn raises moral hazard and makes the economy more vulnerable to expost increases in bailout uncertainty. (iii) Bailout uncertainty affects the likelihood of bubbles, the amplitude of booms and busts as well as the banking and the credit spreads. (iv) Higher bailout uncertainty is associated with higher returns’ variability in diversified portfolios and higher systemic risks, (v) Pre-crisis expansionary monetary policy reinforces those effects by inducing higher aggregate leverage levels. (vi) The larger the change in bailout uncertainty and the change in aversion to this uncertainty, the stronger the pre-crisis buildup and the deeper the ensuing crisis.A central policy implication of the analysis is that the vaguest is bailout policy prior to a crisis, the lower is the magnitude of investments destroyed or missed due to errors in evaluating bailout and other intervention policies. On the other hand, the clearer is bailout policy upon the eruption of a crisis, the smaller the contraction of credit and the destruction of investment activity.