The role of government in land registry and cadastre service in Turkey: Towards a government 3.0 perspective

Within the scope of the developments in public administration after the 1990s, “Good Governance” approach has been preferred instead of the traditional public management approach. Good Governance is a fair, impartial and egalitarian management model that is based on co-management and envisages the participation of all actors (e.g. public and private sector, civil society) in decision-making processes. With this new management model, public institutions in Turkey began to realise good governance based reforms, especially in areas where they establish a close relationship with citizens. In this article, changes in the public administration in Turkey together with good governance and the effects. The effects change on the land registry and cadastre processes are discussed. In this regard, a situation is evaluated in the context of the future Government 3.0 process by discussing the successful and incomplete aspects of good governance in land registry and cadastre practice in Turkey.     

Finance,power, and the British balance of payments

ABSTRACT

The Brexit referendum marks a critical juncture in Britain’s political economy. Benjamin Cohen argues that a nation’s monetary sovereignty lies in its balance of payments (BoP) flexibility (2008, 2015). I argue that a country’s position in the global financial régime must also be accounted for when explaining its BoP dynamics. This allows us to understand why, while sterling has long lost its ‘world currency’ status, Britain’s BoP exhibits some of the same features associated with American ‘exorbitant privilege’. To appreciate the UK’s own BoP flexibilities as well as to flesh out the Anglo-American axis in the international financial order, I compare the UK’s external balance sheets with those of the US. Given the complexities and uncertainties inherent in BoP analyses, I advise against micro-analyses of the BoP in favour of a broader approach that takes into account macro-dynamics as well as the International Political Economy (IPE) concerns outlined above. Elaborating such an analysis for the UK BoP, I explore the potential implications of Brexit for Britain’s external balance sheets and its political-economic future. While Britain’s financial power has helped insulate its balance sheets from external shocks, Britain’s impending departure from the European Union heralds a period of considerable uncertainty.     

A decision model for bank branch site selection: Define branch success and do not deviate

Site selection is one of the most important decision making processes for firms since, if done correctly, it provides access to the best customers and the greatest market potential. In contrast, poor location choices are costly and difficult to reverse.This paper deals with the single branch site selection problem in the banking context. Due to the high level of complexity (several factors have to be taken into consideration in the decision making process as well as a wide range of entities' internal requirements), to date there is no single procedure that fits all needs. This paper attempts to provide a solution to this problem by proposing a unified method based on minimizing the distance from the candidate-branch to the most successful branches, taking into account each banking institution’ notion of branch success. This methodology would work well at the lowest possible cost.     

The Bank of England and Parliament were monetarily adroit during the Napoleonic Wars

Abstract

With the connivance of Parliament, was the Bank of England's over issue of banknotes inflationary? The inflation stemmed from military subsidy and Peninsula campaign payments, as well as food imports, far in excess of Britain's export earnings to cover these capital transfers (particularly when crimped by the Continental Blockade), and not merely from domestic credit over issue. Neither domestic money creation nor the fiscal theory of the price level best explains the imbalance in Britain's international accounts during the Napoleonic Wars. This deficit stemmed from domestic production shortfalls in essentials (above all food production) and contractual obligations such as military spending/subsidies relative to the pound's international purchasing power which emanated from the ability of Britain to sell exports and replace imports with domestic output (raise food production internally). These types of highly inelastic transactions tended to operate independently of domestic money creation, fiscal policy (taxes) or price developments (inflation). This article tracks England's bullion debate, which concerned whether gold prices rose (and hence sterling's exchange rate fell) because military capital transfers overwhelmed the balance of payments, or because the Bank of England over issued paper money after the gold cover was removed in 1797. The issues herein are not antiquated because the primary issues in monetary debates for two centuries have concerned the cause of inflation and deflation, and whether the domestic money supply or the balance of payments is responsible. Determining actual causation is critical for the proper solution: monetary deflation, or domestic and international restructuring of trade and investment.     

当前形势下我国银行业员工行为风险管理的几点思考

员工既是银行利润的主要创造者,又是其风险的主要承担者和管理者。如若行为失当,将会给银行带来负面影响甚或重大损失。因此在当前错综复杂的外部形势下,关注并把握员工行为风险的种种形态,剖析其背后的深层原因,采取针对性措施,尤其进行体制和机制方面的设计,乃是推进操作风险管理有效性的关键所在。     

Assessing banking sectors’ efficiency of financially troubled Eurozone countries

The aim of this paper is to assess the relative banking efficiency of the Eurozone’s soft underbelly (i.e., the so called PIIGS countries: Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain) in the period after the outburst of the financial crisis. It is one of the few that attempts to measure banking efficiency in the periphery of Eurozone in the outburst of the financial crisis using a battery of efficiency evaluation techniques for robustness reasons. This study relies on a modeling framework consisting of data envelopment analysis (DEA), bootstrapping, Malmquist Productivity Index and truncated regression which is applied on accounting and macroeconomic data spanning from 2009 to 2015. Findings show statistical evidence of a high degree of inefficiency in most of the examined banks. The application of the truncated regression indicate several financial variables as driving forces, offering thus important warning signs for banking performance. Indicators such as Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets, Tangible Common Equity to Risk–Weighted Assets, Risk-Weighted Assets to Total Assets, Non-Performing Assets to Total Assets and Net Income Margin contribute in banks' efficiency score. The above financial variables need to be closely monitored by the bank’s decision makers. Moreover, inflation and high levels of General Government Debt to GDP ratio also affect the efficiency of banks.     

广义货币M2增速放缓之谜

本文发现，2011年以来迅速发展的银行资产创新业务，影响了真实货币乘数增速 近80%的变动，主导了M2增速；而央行调控的外生基础货币增速对M2增速的影响可以忽略。 2017年以来，金融严监管压缩银行资产创新业务，造成其派生存款增速下降，是近期我国M2 增速下降的主要原因。如果金融监管维持高压态势，同时央行维持较低的基础货币增速，M2增 速将出现过快下滑，冲击实体经济。这对货币政策在“防范金融风险”与“支持实体经济”之 间寻求平衡提出严峻挑战。     

Assessing the macroeconomic impact of alternative macroprudential policies

This article assesses effects on the wider economy and overall costs and benefits of two alternative macroprudential policies - loan-to-value ratios on mortgage lending and variable bank capital adequacy targets. It also traces the potential effects of such policies if introduced prior to the subprime crisis. The work is performed within the National Institute Global Econometric Model, with a focus on Germany, Italy and the UK. Detailed banking sectors and addition of a macroprudential block to our model enable effects of policies to be captured. A systemic risk index tracks the likelihood of the occurrence of a banking crisis and establishes thresholds at which macroprudential policies should be activated by the authorities. Capital adequacy impacts the economy by acting on the spread between borrowing and lending of corporates and households, while loan-to-value transmits through its impact on the housing market. We find generally loan-to-value policy has a lesser effect than capital adequacy on crisis probabilities and net benefits, but there is considerable cross country variation. We show that the introduction of macroprudential policy prior to the crisis would have led to improvement in a number of key macroeconomic measures and might thus have reduced the incidence of the crisis.     

The drivers of foreign currency‐based banking in Central and Eastern Europe

Foreign currency (FX)‐based loans and deposits became very popular in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) over the 2000–2011 period. In this paper, I simultaneously examine the demand‐side (consumer‐related) and supply‐side (bank‐related) determinants of the quick spread of FX banking. I use a newly constructed dataset on FX and domestic currency loans, deposits and interest rates, covering 16 CEECs overtime. Local‐FX interest rate and market share spreads are: (1) lower in managed currency regimes; (2) strongly affected by the prevalence of FX funding, currency mismatch and FX banking restrictions, and (3) wider after economic crises.     

Lending conditions in EU: The role of credit demand and supply

We analyse the bank lending activity after the financial crisis and focus on bank-specific supply factors. Using a rich microeconomic dataset from Bankscope and macroeconomic shocks data, we employ OLS and 2SLS fixed effects models with banking controls, macroeconomic shocks and institutional quality. The banks’ loan-rate spreads increased despite the recent policy of low interest rates and quantitative easing. We use the bank asset quality as instruments to capture exogenous changes in loan supply. The empirical evidence shows that loan-rate spread and through this the supply of loans is negatively affected by a low asset quality and capital ratios.