生态与经济发展的鸿沟

文章主要从词语来源与含义、研究对象的组织层次等方面系统地对比和阐述了生态学和经济学的接近或相似。生态学和经济学的学科性质和环境问题的日益严重决定了二者之间交叉学科的出现;经济学借鉴生态学,二者逐步走向融合。但由于＂生态＂是保守的,而＂经济＂是积极主动的,所以在经济与生态发展之间仍存在＂鸿沟＂。怎样处理和解决二者之间的矛盾,跨越＂鸿沟＂是摆在国内外学者们面前的一个重大课题。笔者认为,解决的途径仍应该是学科间的交融,这为科学研究提供了新的探索空间。     

北京市入境旅游与饭店旅行社的耦合协调度研究

基于2001—2010年北京市入境旅游和饭店旅行社的各指标数据,首先通过相关分析,筛选出与北京市入境旅游发展存在相关关系的饭店旅行社参量,然后借助熵值法,计算出各个参量的权重及评价值,最后建立耦合协调度模型,对入境旅游—饭店旅行社的耦合协调度进行了实证研究。结果发现,十年间,其耦合度一直处于拮抗阶段,但耦合协调度水平变化幅度较大,2003年达到低谷,属于中度失调,2010年达到最高值,属于中级协调。因此,北京市饭店旅行社的发展仍不能有效的支撑其入境旅游的发展,亟待提升和完善。     

Key impact factors of visitors’ environmentally responsible behaviour: personality traits or interpretive services? A case study of Beijing’s Yuyuantan Urban Park,China

The environmentally responsible behaviour (ERB) facilitates the sustainability of tourism destinations. This study aims to identify the key impact factors to promote visitors’ ERB in urban park and examine the impact mechanism. A total of 567 visitors were surveyed in Beijing’s Yuyuantan Urban Park. Structural equation modelling results indicate that personality traits are the most important factors that affect visitors’ ERB, while the effect of how satisfaction with interpretive services plays upon visitors’ ERB using place attachment as a mediator. Openness traits positively affect satisfaction with experiential services and general behaviour. Additionally, implications in urban park management are provided.     

北京旅游目的地形象的感知——中西方旅游者博客的多维话语分析

目前,很少有学者采用旅游者博客这一新兴的方式研究游客对旅游目的地形象的感知。文章选择中西方旅游者博客话语为切入点,从“文化繁荣”、“宜居和生态”、“现代化大都市”、“社会和谐”和“经济发展”5个维度探讨中西方游客对北京旅游目的地形象感知的异同,并讨论了两个不同旅游群体在文化背景、意识形态和消费水平方面的差异。最后,文章对如何提升来京中西方游客的体验评价提出了切实的建议。此研究意在强调旅游者博客在旅游目的地形象研究中的重要意义,同时亦希望能够对话语分析的跨学科发展作出贡献。     

北京地铁网络化条件下的安全运营风险与防控对策

随着地铁线路的不断增加,北京地铁正在进入网络化时代。在网络化条件下地铁运营安全风险大大增加。因此,要适应网络化条件下地铁安全运营的特点和要求,对现有安全管理模式进行提升,使之进一步扩展和完善。     

Housing sales in urban Beijing

In the housing market, new properties sometimes experience delays before they are sold. Such delays reflect the preferences of buyers in respect of the homes’ characteristics. Therefore, it is important for managerial purposes to identify the causes of housing sales delays. After analysing the delays in sales of housing in Beijing City, China, the principal finding of this study is that delays are largely explained by the dwellings’ characteristics and location. Policy implications of the research findings, particularly those related to means of reducing the delays, are discussed.     

环京津生态抑制型贫困带的现状、成因及对策建议

环京津生态抑制型贫困带自然环境恶劣、生态脆弱、区域内贫困人口集中.但这些地区是京津地区重要的水源地和资源环境保障基地,在京津都市区的自然生态系统中具有重要屏障作用和战略地位,对区域内社会经济持续发展有重要影响.文章详细分析了环京津贫困带的现状和形成原因,并从建立生态经济发展特区、生态补偿机制构建、加强首都经济圈产业对接与合作、创新生态旅游扶贫等方面提出具体对策建议,以期改善环京津贫困带的贫困现状.     

The Change of Ecological Footprint and Its Effect on Sustainable Development in Beijing of China

Speeding up the environmental protection and construction is one of the major issues in ＂Greener Olympic Games＂ held in Beijing in 2008. Making a thorough study to find out the reliable measures to ecological resumption in Beijing has an important scientific and practical significance. It can provide scientific basis for making a better decision for ＂Greener Olympic Games＂ held in capital Beijing and development in harmony for society and economy, as well as management for ecological environment. By studying of change of ecological footprint from 1990 to 2003 in Beijing, the paper shows that ecological footprint per capita has a strong relativity with population and GDP, and both of the correlation coefficient between them is about 0.92, as well as the fossil energy land has a position in the lead in ecological footprint items. The study also shows that the ecological capacity per capita in Beijing occupied about 1.25% in global ecological capacity per capita. Began 1990, the ecological deficit in Beijing was about 0.72 hm2, which is at strong unsustainable development at present. Finally, the paper suggests social and economic structure should be adjusted as soon as possible, resources should be strengthen sustainable used and population increasing should be controlled strictly, as well as arable land also should be under control used for built-up areas. Simultaneity, the utilizing ratio of energy sources should be increased, and the consumption of energy sources and ecological deficit in Beijing should be reduced in order to speed up the society and economy development in harmony and sustainment.     

地区产业发展综合成本评价与改进政策——以北京市高端制造业为例的研究

本文在总结目前国内外产业发展成本评价相关成果和地方政府相关改进政策需求的基础上,提出了对地区产业发展成本重点调整对象的确定方法和改进政策的制定思路:一是从综合成本分析入手,但更为注重不同成本因素的比较分析,即明确地区产业发展中哪些成本是短板;二是考察分析地区优势行业对不同成本因素的敏感性,即明确该行业对哪些成本较为敏感,从而确定影响产业发展的关键成本制约。根据这一思路,以北京市高端制造业为例,通过横向比较的方法具体测算出北京市综合成本的相对领先和落后环节,采用相关分析方法确定出高端制造业相对敏感的成本因素,从而明确了北京市高端制造业今后发展中需要解决的关键成本制约,并通过对北京市这些方面成本偏高的原因分析,提出了一些有针对性的政策建议。     

北京城区交通便捷性空间分异特征及问题分析

城市交通条件是反映城市宜居性的重要标志之一,解决城市交通拥堵问题是建设"宜居北京"的重中之重。在界定研究区域,建立城市交通便捷性指标的基础上,通过对北京市部分区域进行问卷调查,基于北京市交通满意度综合评价模型,对北京市交通出行结构、出行满意度等空间分异特征进行分析。利用ArcGIS空间分析工具,将主观交通便捷性评价和客观交通相关数据进行对比分析,用以分析研究区范围内交通便捷性。结果表明,北京市交通发展中存在的问题有:城市建设与城市交通基础设施发展不协调;道路网络规划不尽合理;"职住分离"导致交通问题的加剧;公共客运交通难以应对私人交通工具的强劲挑战;城市交通管理系统缺乏有效整合。