数据赋能与我国制造企业创新：前沿探析与未来展望

数据科学发展为制造企业创新提供了新机遇,在制造业亟需转型升级背景下,研究数据赋能如何驱动制造企业创新具有重要战略意义。梳理国内外研究,总结数据赋能的主要形式和对象,从产品创新、商业模式创新、企业长期竞争力、企业创新生态系统和产业升级等5个方面,分析数据赋能路径和机制,构建系统研究框架,为打开数据赋能驱动制造企业创新机制的“黑箱”进行有益的探索。同时,为我国制造业转型升级提供理论参考。最后,针对现有研究不足提出未来展望,以期对数据赋能驱动制造业创新进行更深入的研究。     

微型计算机通讯技术

本文着重介绍了微型机之间以及微型机与单板机之间的通讯和数据交换技术。     

What Makes Business Statistics Special?

Non-specialists might have the feeling that building statistics on businesses is a very simple task: it seems one just has to "add facts". But for survey statisticians, business statistics are extremely complex: great heterogeneity of the universe, definition of the statistical units, difficulty of classifying businesses, quality of the register, variety of accounting standards, sample co-ordination, or reduction of survey burden. This paper argues that the issues raised by business survey methodology are conceptual and not only practical. It describes different aspects of statistical processing and tries to analyse the special features of business statistics.     

Projections Onto Efficient Frontiers: Theoretical and Computational Extensions to DEA

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been widely studied in the literature since its inception in 1978. The methodology behind the classical DEA, the oriented method, is to hold inputs (outputs) constant and to determine how much of an improvement in the output (input) dimensions is necessary in order to become efficient. This paper extends this methodology in two substantive ways. First, a method is developed that determines the least-norm projection from an inefficient DMU to the efficient frontier in both the input and output space simultaneously, and second, introduces the notion of the observable frontier and its subsequent projection. The observable frontier is the portion of the frontier that has been experienced by other DMUs (or convex combinations of such) and thus, the projection onto this portion of the frontier guarantees a recommendation that has already been demonstrated by an existing DMU or a convex combination of existing DMUs. A numerical example is used to illustrate the importance of these two methodological extensions.     

完善我国累积投票权制度立法的构想

我国大股东对中小股东侵害行为非常普遍,究其根源,上市公司中的一股独大、<公司法>对表决权的规定简单、现有表决权存在缺陷、中小股东法律意识淡漠是主要原因.目前当务之急是要在<公司法>上明确赋予小股东一定的权利,参考发达国家的经验做法,在法律上推行强制性累积投票权制度.     

中国信贷资本配置效率的空间差异:基于四大区域及省际面板数据的实证分析

帕累托式的信贷区域配置对协调区域经济增长有重要意义.对信贷资本的区域配置效率进行的实证研究表明:尽管宏观经济严重依赖银行信贷,但信贷配置效率差强人意;信贷配置效率的区域差异主要体现为省际层面而非区域层面.与区域经济一体化趋势形成鲜明对比的是,四大区域之间的信贷配置效率并无实质性差异.省际层面上,信贷配置效率差异非常显著,西部大多数省份和东部的浙江、江苏对信贷依赖程度较大;东部的上海、广东因多元化的金融体系而降低了对信贷的依赖;中部和东北的信贷配置效率较低且基本处于同一水平.     

A productivity growth accounting approach to the ranking of developing and developed nations

Productivity growth accounting studies generally focus on productivity growth or decline in more developed countries such as the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) members. In this paper, we develop a generalized efficiency index for a much larger set of 57 national governments (NGs), both developing and developed, by employing four components of gross national product and five resource-availability indicators. Using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) linear-programming approach, we maximize the components of Gross National Product (GNP), subject to minimizing specific resource-input measures. If used with appropriate precautions, the DEA-based comparative production-efficiency measures developed here can be used by individual NGs and international organizations like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to make equitable and sustainable lending-allocation decisions in the public and private sectors of the increasingly interdependent global economy.     

模糊法则归纳法在市场调查分析中的应用研究

模糊法则归纳法(Fuzzy Rule Induction using GMDH,简称FRI方法)是近年来兴起的非参数数据挖掘技术,它将模糊建模技术和自组织数据挖掘建模技术相结合,在金融、经济等领域已经得到了成功运用.文章分析了陕西省西安市和宝鸡市两地移动长话市场的消费者特征,在传统市场调查分析方法评述的基础上,进行了FRI方法运用于市场营销领域的尝试性研究.研究发现,FRI方法适用细分市场的特征,即适用于差异比较明显的细分市场特征的提取.     

高技术产业集聚与省域城镇化——基于空间面板模型的实证分析

采用Moran’s I指数方法分析了我国省域城镇化水平的空间分布特征,并通过构建空间面板数据模型,实证分析了我国高技术产业集聚对城镇化水平的影响。结果表明:我国高技术产业集聚和城镇化水平具有明显的不平衡性与集中性,并表现为大体一致的从东部向中西部地区梯次递减的分布特征;全国省域城镇化率具有显著的空间正相关性;高技术产业集聚能够促进本地城镇化率的提高,并能通过城镇化率的正向空间溢出效应推动邻近地区城镇化率的提高,有利于缩小区域间城镇化水平的差距。     

The concept of the “Big Middle”

Although several hypotheses have been proffered to explain changes in the structure and evolution of retailing institutions, none provides a comprehensive explanation of how and why retail institutions evolve. This editorial first introduces the concept of the “Big Middle,” the marketspace in which the largest retailers compete in the long run. It then hypothesizes that these large retailers generally originate as innovators or low-price retailers that focus on a particular niche but migrate into the Big Middle in search of greater revenues and profits. The goal of this editorial is to suggest an initial framework for investigating those factors that create the structure and motivate the evolution of retailing institutions.