以生产者为主的责任延伸制度新探——有感于《中华人民共和国循环经济法草案征求意见稿》

以《循环经济法草案征求意见稿》第17条规定的以生产者为主的责任延伸制度为基点,分析了以生产者为主的责任延伸制度的内涵、弊端及其实施的保障机制,指出以生产者为主的生产责任延伸制度的主体应包含政府,责任形式应增加行政责任和刑事责任,并对保障机制加以分类,具体阐述了生命周期评价制度、认证单制度、产品回收制度、监督制度、抵押制度等。     

天津商业大学本科教学质量监控体系的构建与实践

本文对天津商业大学本科教学质量监控体系的构建和实践进行了阐述。构建一个系统化、科学化的教学质量监控体系必须坚持人和管理的指导思想,充分考虑构建教学质量体系的目标性、全员性、系统性和全程性原则。依据构建教学质量监控体系和原则,学校构建了由教学管理指挥系统、教学评估系统和教学监督系统组成的教学质量监控体系,经过多年的实践取得了良好的效果。     

监督和激励合约在环境治理中的应用

最近,世界银行设立了原位碳基金(prototypecarbonfund(PCF)),通过创立碳排放交易市场的方式,让全世界都参与到环境改善的事业中,但在交易过程中委托代理问题的有效解决是环境目标实现的关键因素。多方面的合作和有效的监督与激励决定了环保项目的成败。     

大型变压器在线监测技术及其发展

该文综述了国内外大型变压器在线监测及故障诊断技术的现状,针对电力变压器结构的复杂性及分布广、少人或无人值班等工作特点,提出了红外温度监测技术及GPRS技术在大型变压器远程在线监测及故障诊断中的应用前景。     

中国地区金融发展水平的评价与实证分析

从金融发展和经济基础两方面选择了FIR等指标,构建了评价中国地区金融发展水平的评价指标体系,以层次分析法确定指标权重,以阀值法进行无量纲处理,利用所构建的指标体系,对2004年中国31个省市的金融发展水平进行检验。认为,东中西部地区金融发展水平差异明显,金融发展形如一右端被拉长的"橄榄球";东部地区金融发展水平成"圆柱体"形分布;影响西部地区金融发展水平的是"经济短板";制约各省份金融发展的"短板"各不相同。     

对金融监管成本的深入分析

金融监管无疑是存在成本的，这主要包括金融监管的执法成本、守法成本等直接成本和道德风险、逆向选择、社会经济福利损失等间接成本，但通过对金融实行监管，可以提高金融市场产品的质量，金融监管不是损害而是增加社会福利，因此，金融监管存在成本也是值得的。相反，如不对金融业实施监管，则会存在更大的成本。我国的金融监管由于种种原因，成本较高，应该通过改善监管策略，降低成本，使我国金融监管实现成本最少化。     

环境监测影响因素及改进措施

随着我国经济的发展,存在的环境问题也逐渐地显露出来,而且环境也对人的身体健康有着直接的影响。因此,我国为加强对环境的保护,制定了很多相应的政策和措施,在国家的管控下,我国环境的恶化程度降低。但是,环境问题仍然不容乐观,环境监测工作是对环境质量监测的关键手段。论文以环境监测的影响因素为主要内容,认识到只有提升环境监测的水平,才能确保环境监测质量得到进一步的提升。     

Using technology to improve the management of development impacts on biodiversity

The mitigation hierarchy (MH) is a prominent tool to help businesses achieve no net loss or net gain outcomes for biodiversity. Technological innovations offer benefits for business biodiversity management, yet the range and continued evolution of technologies creates a complex landscape that can be difficult to navigate. Using literature review, online surveys, and semi-structured interviews, we assess technologies that can improve application of the MH. We identify six categories (mobile survey, fixed survey, remote sensing, blockchain, data analysis, and enabling technologies) with high feasibility and/or relevance to (i) aid direct implementation of mitigation measures and (ii) enhance biodiversity surveys and monitoring, which feed into the design of interventions including avoidance and minimization measures. At the interface between development and biodiversity impacts, opportunities lie in businesses investing in technologies, capitalizing on synergies between technology groups, collaborating with conservation organizations to enhance institutional capacity, and developing practical solutions suited for widespread use.     

Who are better monitors? Comparing styles of supervisory and independent directors

This paper compares the unobservable style effect between independent directors and supervisory directors on firm performance. Utilizing the unique Chinese board system with both independent and supervisory directors and a large panel data of 2,240 public firms from 2003 to 2017, this paper finds that both supervisory and independent style is crucial in determining variations of firm performance. The effects of both independent and supervisory director style are less significant when the “type II” agency problem is more severe in a firm. Moreover, outside independent director style is more effective when information costs are low or when firms need more outside resources, while inside supervisor director style is more effective when there are no major internal changes. Finally, the results also suggest that increasing qualified supervisor representations are beneficial to firms.     

Carbon Trading with Imperfectly Observable Emissions

The Kyoto Protocol foresees emission trading but does not yet specify verification of (uncertain) emissions. This paper analyses a setting in which parties can meet their emission targets by reducing emissions, by investing in monitoring (reducing uncertainty of emissions) or by (bilaterally) trading permits. We derive the optimality conditions and carry out various numerical simulations. Our applications suggest that including uncertainty could increase compliance costs for the USA, Japan and the European Union. Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union might be able to gain from trading due to higher permit prices. Emissions trading could also lower aggregate uncertainty on emissions.