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231.
Potential problems with the conventional nested model comparison procedure in the structural equation models context are discussed. It is argued that fixing parameter values might lead to creation of different unobservables in the nested model. A number of alternative ways of conducting model comparisons are reviewed and applied in a marketing example.  相似文献   
232.
    
The main objective of this paper is to propose a novel setup that allows estimating separately the welfare costs of the uncertainty stemming from business-cycle fluctuations and from economic-growth variation, when the two types of shocks associated with them (respectively, transitory and permanent shocks) hit consumption simultaneously. Separating these welfare costs requires dealing with degenerate bivariate distributions. Levi's Continuity Theorem and the Disintegration Theorem allow us to adequately define the one-dimensional limiting marginal distributions. Under Normality, we show that the parameters of the original marginal distributions are not affected, providing the means for calculating separately the welfare costs of business-cycle fluctuations and of economic-growth variation.Our empirical results show that, if we consider only transitory shocks, the welfare cost of business cycles is much smaller than previously thought. Indeed, we found it to be negative – −0.03% of per-capita consumption! On the other hand, we found that the welfare cost of economic-growth variation is relatively large. Our estimate for reasonable preference-parameter values shows that it is 0.71% of consumption – US$ 208.98 per person, per year.  相似文献   
233.
在经历过80年代的起步发育到90年代的规范、发展,我国票据市场近年来呈现持续快速的发展趋势,票据融资功能在金融市场中的地位日益重要,票据市场成为了货币市场重要的组成部分.本文将对我国近十年票据市场情况进行系统分析,尝试找出我国票据市场发展进程中存在的主要问题,进而对创新我国票据市场发展提出一些思考与建议.  相似文献   
234.
探讨了现阶段大学经贸英语课程教学所存在的几个问题,指出了大学经贸英语课程教学必须整合课程设置、编写更实用的教材、建立高素质的师资、改革教学方法等,从而有效地培养大学生经贸英语的交际能力和应用能力。  相似文献   
235.
应媚 《中国外资》2012,(14):11-13
Ugg boots have developed from Australian generic products to global luxury footwear, and UGG Australia has become a worldwide famous brand through the marketing strategy of celebrity seeding. The strengths of UGG Australia are strict quality control, constant innovation and strict material selection. At first, Ugg was only a pair of ugly boots which looked like using sheepskin with wool to wrap feet. This kind of boots was thick and stupid, but quite light and warm. By the end of the 1990s, more and more people wanted to enjoy a more casual lifestyle and Ugg became the symbol of this lifestyle. UGG Australia tries best to provide consumers with not only a pair of comfortable boots, but also a relaxed, casual and luxurious lifestyle (News, 2008). The fashion industry is hypercompetitive and constantly changing. That is to say, UGG Australia should try its best to be different from its rivals to satisfy customers' changing needs or unique preferences. For this reason, differentiation is the optimal generic strategy for UGG Australia's business in the US. Carrying out differentiation strategy means that value is provided to UGG Australia's customers through the unique features and characteristics of Uggs (Roney, 2005). As a result, superior quality, fantastic design and an image of prestige or status are the bases of UGG Australia's uniqueness.。  相似文献   
236.
商业银行中间业务经营成本主要有:人力费用成本、物力消耗成本、风险产品承受成本。定价机理应采用经营成本收费制度,建立全成本核算体系。遵循合理、公平、诚信和质价相符的中间业务定价原则,积极加强与客户的沟通与告知;遵循中间业务定价流程,进行客户层次细分和市场定位;运用SWOT分析法,谋求竞争定价与实行差别定价,积极加强与同业的合作,防止恶性竞争;坚持服务性能创新,提高服务附加值含金量;适时对银行员工进行培训,积极让员工参与定价决策;适应开放型定价的趋势和要求,酌情考虑产品的关系定价。与此同时应强化担保承诺类表外业务的信用风险管理,交易类中间业务的市场风险管理,服务类中间业务的操作风险管理,而表外业务的信用风险和市场风险管理是风险管理重点。此外,商业银行开展中间业务还应防范政策风险和法律风险。  相似文献   
237.
This article is concerned with the length of channels utilized to market industrial products. Several marketing scholars have proposed that the appropriate channel structure is a function of conditions associated with the market for the product, the nature of the product itself, and characteristics of the producer and middlemen. By means of a survey of industrial product manufacturers, this study identified six characteristics of middlemen, industrial markets, and industrial customers that appear to be significant influences on the length of channels used to distribute industrial products.  相似文献   
238.
本文选取深沪两地140家国有集团附属上市公司与100家非集团国有上市公司2003-2007年的平衡面板数据作为样本,从双重代理关系的视角实证分析了内部资本市场的运行效率。理论分析与经验证据均显示:(1)国有企业集团内部资本市场上的主导代理关系为管理层代理关系,而非控股股东代理关系,即影响国有企业集团内部资本市场效率的代理问题为管理层代理问题,国有控股股东由于缺位并没有将内部资本市场异化为其进行利益侵占的隐蔽渠道;(2)从集团总部层面来讲,内部资本市场能够有效配置资金,但从成员公司的层面来讲,总部与成员公司经理的代理问题使内部资本市场的功能受损。  相似文献   
239.
    
Based on a calibrated real options model, this paper examines a tax-subsidy program offered by a government to stimulate corporate investment under business cycles. We derive and discuss optimal incentive policies for different states of the economy. We find that it is optimal for the government to offer a combination of tax cuts and lump-sum subsidy for stimulating levered firms’ investment under business cycles. Furthermore, the government should adopt counter-cyclical tax-subsidy policy, namely a higher (lower) tax cuts and a larger (smaller) lump-sum subsidy during recessions (booms). In particular, we provide a possible explanation why many governments around the world have reduced and even implemented negative interest rates to stimulate the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Finally, our conclusions also predict that the break-even tax-subsidy program always provides effective investment stimulus under business cycles.  相似文献   
240.
随着4G时代移动通信技术的发展,政企客户移动信息化市场成为中国电信运营企业发展战略中的重要战场。文章通过分析政企客户市场现状、移动信息化短板,采用德尔菲法构建影响政企客户移动信息化的指标体系,提出电信运营企业应在市场环境、产品价值、协同保障、员工能力、团队建设、创新投入、用户需求这七方面实施发展策略,从而提升电信运营企业的市场竞争力和客户感知度,促进中国政企客户移动信息化发展。  相似文献   
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