汇率制度与宏观经济政策环境——以加拿大为例

加拿大属于典型的资源性经济,加元的汇率变化多受国际商品和石油价格的影响,超出了国内货币政策的控制范围,是独立浮动或是固定汇率？经过两次试验后,加拿大政府坚定地选择了独立浮动汇率制度,并最终实现了汇率政策与货币政策脱离,以此给予了加拿大银行较大的决策空间,使后者专注于维持较低的通货膨胀环境。同时,加拿大政府努力为汇率制度创造有利的宏观经济政策环境,财政政策和货币政策分工明确、相互支持,为汇率制度和经济增长奠定了可持续的坚实基础。本文以加拿大浮动汇率制度为主线,从财政政策、货币政策、政策搭配角度讨论其宏观经济政策框架,分析加元汇率制度的运行环境。在此基础上,本文探讨加拿大汇率政策及浮动汇率制度的作用与功能。本文第五部分对加拿大银行提出的汇率预测模型作出了较深入的分析。     

Value Innovation in Export Marketing Strategy: The Case of a Canadian Firm in Japan

Maple Leaf Foods Inc. maintains a market leadership in Canada for its food processing and export business and sustains its relatively high growth. MLF has an innovative approach to strategy as it reduces head-to-head competition with other major pork exporters in Japan and raises its premium image with an innovative food safety program. MLF is creating a new market segment in Japan's pork market by positioning itself between the domestic premium segment and the import commoditized segment and attracting consumers who are interested in both brand and price. This article illustrates how MLF innovates value in a competitive marketplace, using Kim and Mauborgne's blue ocean strategy framework.     

Competition in the Canadian Personal Finance Sector

This paper employs cross-section continuous time series data to examine competition in the Canadian personal finance sector for the period 1987–90. Using a generalised linear pricing model, firm entry is found to be significant in the setting of deposit and mortgage rates, suggesting the presence an incontestable market structure consistent with Cournot oligopoly. There is also evidence of price-making behaviour and relative bargainlripoff products. For three of the four products studied, a ‘fifth column’ consisting of the 12 major banks and trust companies best explain pricing in these markets     

Productivity in Top‐10 Academic Accounting Journals by Researchers at Canadian Universities at the Start of the 21st Century

We assess the research publication productivity of Canadian‐based accounting researchers in highly ranked accounting journals for the 2001–13 period. Our research provides important benchmarks for use by individual researchers and universities for matters such as promotion and tenure decisions. For example, each Canadian‐based faculty member had approximately 0.50 of a weighted article for the 13‐year period, and 45 percent of all accounting faculty members published at least once in a top‐10 accounting journal. We also provide an overview of the type of research being published by Canadian‐based researchers in each of the top‐10 journals (financial accounting, managerial, audit, tax or other) and we assess how productivity at top‐10 journals has changed over time. In supplemental analysis, we compare and contrast the productivity of the 15 male and 15 female academics that publish most in top‐10 accounting journals to assess the breadth of outlets being used beyond top‐10 outlets (including FT 45 journals, accounting journals ranked “A”, “B”, and “non‐A/B”; non‐accounting peer‐reviewed journals, non‐peer‐reviewed outlets). The supplemental analysis also helps to shed light on the finding from this paper, and prior research, that women are less likely to be represented on lists of those with most publications in highly ranked accounting journals, by comparing the two groups of researchers across a variety of institutional and other factors.     

加拿大商学院管理类课程教学方法的实证分析

商学院主要培养应用型专业人才,这些人才需要具备很强的职业能力,比如公众演讲能力、语言表达能力、独立决策能力、以及团队合作能力。加拿大一些顶级商学院在培养这种应用型专业人才方面有很多成功的经验。本文就以加拿大的一所商学院为例初步分析了该学院管理类主干课程的授课方法,并且通过对这些课的《课程简介》中的数据进行分析发现了不同的教学方法在培养学生的不同能力方面所起的不同作用。最后借鉴该学院先进的教学方法对我国商学院教学提出几点建议。     

Managerial career success in Canadian organizations: is gender a determinant?

The purpose of this research is to examine which of the following approaches - human capital, family context, socio-economic origin, work investment and reward expectations and structural factors - can eliminate the influence of gender on career success of 3,060 Canadian managers. Taken individually, these different approaches did not counter the effect of gender on career success of managers. However, the use of an overall regression model containing all the approaches countered the effect of gender on the number and speed of promotion, but not on salary and hierarchical level. Finally, the results suggest that the career success of male and female managers is predicted by different variables.     

Financial research in Canada: A long‐term assessment of journal publications

We examined the financial research among Canadian academic institutions between 1990–2008. Overall, Canadian institutions contribute 3.79% of all publications in 23 leading finance journals. The five most productive universities are the University of British Columbia, the University of Toronto, Wilfrid Laurier University, McGill University, and the University of Alberta. The research productivity of Canadian universities is comparable to their counterparts in Australia and the UK. However, when examining only the top four finance journals, Canadian universities clearly outperform their counterparts in Australia and the UK. In addition, we find that the sufficiency of research funding, the size of faculty, as well as the assembly of a cohort of research‐active faculty contribute to the research productivity of finance programs in Canada. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Co-Movements of Latin American Equity Markets Before and After September 11, 2001

ABSTRACT

Empirical studies show that correlation between national equity markets tends to increase and the benefits of global portfolio diversification tend to decrease after events of global importance. A sufficiently long time period has passed since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the U.S. This time period provides a valuable opportunity to study if these events have changed the long-term co-movement patterns of international equity markets. We test this hypothesis using correlation analysis, principal components analysis and Granger causality statistical techniques by comparing the co-movement patterns of seven Latin American equity markets and the U.S. and Canadian equity markets during the five-year period before September 11 and during the five-year period afterward. Despite the findings of several previous studies on the world's other equity markets, our findings in this study indicate that correlation between the equity markets on the American continent decreased and the benefits of global portfolio diversification in the region increased after September 11, 2001.

RESUMEN. Los estudios empíricos muestran que la correlación entre los mercados de valores nacionales tiende a aumentar, mientras que las ventajas de la diversificación de la cartera global tienden a disminuir después de importantes eventos globales. Ya ha transcurrido suficiente tiempo desde el ataque terrorista del 11 de septiembre de 2001 en los Estados Unidos, Esto brinda una valiosa oportunidad para estudiar si estos eventos han cambiado los patrones de comovimiento a largo plazo de los mercados de valores nacionales. Ponemos a prueba esta hipótesis, los principales componentes del análisis, y las técnicas de la estadística causal comparadas por los patrones de comovimiento en los siete mercados de valores latinoamericanos, y los de los EE.UU y Canadá, durante el período quinquenal anterior al 11 de septiembre y durante el período quinquenal posterior a esa fecha. A pesar de los hallazgos que obtuvieron diversos estudios anteriores sobre los mercados de valores mundiales, nuestros hallazgos en este estudio indican que la correlación entre los mercados de valores en el continente americano ha bajado, y que los beneficios de la diversificación de la cartera global aumentaron en la región después del 11 de septiembre de 2001.

RESUMO. Estudos empíricos mostram que a correlação entre os mercados de ações nacionais tendem a aumentar e os benefícios da diversificação do portfólio global tendem a decrescer após acontecimentos de importância mundial. Um período bem longo transcorreu desde os ataques terroristas de 11 de setembro de 2001, nos Estados Unidos. Isto propicia uma oportunidade valiosa para analisar se estes acontecimentos mudaram os padrões de cointegração de longo prazo dos mercados de ações nacionais. Testamos esta hipótese através da análise de correlação, da análise dos componentes principais e das técnicas estatísticas de causalidade de Granger, comparando os padrões de cointegração de sete mercados de ações da América Latina e os mercados de ações americano e canadense, durante o período de cinco anos antes e depois do 11 de setembro. Apesar da descoberta de vários estudos anteriores sobre os demais mercados de ações do mundo, nossas descobertas neste trabalho indicam que a correlação entre os mercados de ações do continente americano decresceu e os benefícios de diversificação do portfólio mundial, na região, aumentaram, após o 11 de setembro de 2001.     

Stock Price Reactions to the Repricing of Employee Stock Options*

We study whether the repricing of employee stock options is in the best interests of common shareholders by examining the excess stock returns associated with timely, noncontamin‐ated repricing announcements made by Canadian firms. On the basis of three theories of why firms reprice, we develop competing predictions about the mean announcement‐date excess stock return and the cross‐sectional relations among excess stock returns, the estimated probability of repricing, and proxies for predictions from each theory. For a sample of 72 noncontaminated repricing announcements made by Canadian firms between November 1994 and July 2001, we find a reliably positive three‐day announcement‐date mean excess return of 4.9 percent. The results of our cross‐sectional analyses suggest that the market responds favorably to repricings because they assist in retaining key employees even though, at the margin, they enable managers to extract rents from shareholders. We do not find sufficient statistically significant evidence to reliably conclude that repricings are done to realign employee incentives.