技术预见活动所体现的科学发展观——以《中国未来20年技术预见研究》为例

简述了技术预见活动在全球的开展情况,以《中国未来20年技术预见研究》为例,介绍了技术预见活动的步骤和使用方法,分析了技术预见活动过程所体现的科学发展观。     

企业信息技术匹配动态调整模式的多案例研究

不断变化的内外部环境使得企业需要不断调整才能实现信息技术与业务的动态匹配。应用案例研究方法,分析3家企业信息技术匹配的动态调整模式和匹配程度变化,并通过内外部环境分析确定信息技术匹配动态调整模式的影响因素。研究发现：①企业信息技术匹配动态调整存在理想轨迹、矛盾决策、过量改革及飘忽立场等4种基本模式;②动态调整后,企业信息技术匹配程度可能发生变化,这取决于调整前的信息技术匹配程度及其调整模式;③市场竞争激烈、国家政策支持、客户需求变化、企业认识变化、管理模式创新等因素影响企业选择信息技术匹配动态调整模式。基于3家中国企业的多案例分析结果,可为我国企业实现信息技术与业务动态匹配提供参考。     

Modeling and optimization of a container drayage problem with resource constraints

This paper investigates the problem faced by firms that transport containers by truck in an environment with resource constraints. The considered area is export-dominant. As a result, there are three types of container movements as inbound full, outbound full, and inbound empty movements. Both the time windows at the terminal and at the customers’ places and the operation times are considered. Empty containers are also regarded as separate transportation resources besides trucks. The total operating time including waiting time of all the trucks in operation is minimized. The problem is first formulated as a directed graph and then mathematically modeled based on the graph. It falls into a multiple traveling salesman problem with time windows (m-TSPTW) with resource constraints. An algorithm based on reactive tabu search (RTS) is developed to solve the problem. A number of randomly generated examples indicate that the algorithm can be applied to the real world.     

Assessing the impact of cost optimization based on infrastructure modelling on CO2 emissions

Traditionally, logistics design is driven by a need to reduce costs and improve customer service. Recently, the environmental concerns from transport have been increasingly discussed. The traffic levels and associated energy consumption are influenced by supply chain structure, modal split and vehicle utilization. This paper aims to assess the impact of the traditional cost optimization approach to strategic modelling on overall logistics costs and CO₂ emissions by taking into account the supply chain structure (number of depots) and different freight vehicle utilization ratios (90%, 75% and 60%). The simulation model, based on a European case study from the automotive industry, considers strategic and operational level decisions simultaneously. The analysis shows that the optimum design based on costs does not necessary equate to an optimum solution for CO₂ emissions, therefore there is a need to address economical and environmental objectives explicitly as part of the logistics design.     

A decision method for supplier selection in multi-service outsourcing

Although supplier selection in multi-service outsourcing is a very important decision problem, research concerning this issue is still relatively scarce. This paper proposes a decision method for selecting a pool of suppliers for the provision of different service process/product elements. It pioneers the use of collaborative utility between partner firms for supplier selection. A multi-objective model is built to select desired suppliers. This model is proved to be NP-hard, so we develop a multi-objective algorithm based on Tabu search for solving it. We then use an example to show the applicability of the proposed model and algorithm. Extensive computational experiments are also conducted to further test the performance of the proposed algorithm.     

Internet Job Search and Labor Market Outcome

This study examines the effect of the use of internet job search (IJS) on individual wages. The data utilized in the study are obtained from the Internet and Computer Use Dictionary in the Current Population Survey of September 2001 and October 2003. An Oaxaca Decomposition is used to examine the extent to which wage differences are influenced by IJS. The results show that accessibility to the internet is a crucial factor in the decision of an individual to utilize the internet for job search activities. However, no clear evidence exists that IJS increases individual wages. Additionally, the study also demonstrates that IJS is subject to self-selection bias. Thus, failure to control for self-selection bias results in a very serious bias in estimation.     

Learning and Efficiency with Search Frictions

This paper studies the allocative efficiency in a Moscarini (2005)-type equilibrium search environment with learning. It is shown that the stationary equilibrium is efficient if and only if the Hosios condition holds no matter whether learning is about firm-specific human capital or about general human capital. However, the stationary equilibrium can never be efficient if externalities exist from unemployment. In contrast, even with externalities, the stationary equilibrium can be efficient under some modified Hosios condition if there is no uncertainty (standard Mortensen and Pissarides (1994)-type equilibrium search environment). The key intuition is that the equilibrium can only be efficient if firm-worker matching is formed and terminated efficiently.     

External knowledge search,innovative performance and productivity in the Korean ICT sector

In recent years, Korea’s Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry has grown rapidly. The prosperity of the ICT industry has brought growing recognition that rising productivity and innovative performance have made major contributions to ensuring competitive advantage in international markets. In this context, recent studies stress the importance of external knowledge for improving both innovative performance and productivity. This paper empirically investigates the effects of firms’ external knowledge search behavior on their productivity as well as their innovative performance in the Korean ICT manufacturing sector. Based on firm-level data from the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI), this study indicates that incremental innovation and productivity are both related to external knowledge search.     

Innovation objectives,knowledge sources,and the benefits of breadth

Given the inherent risk of innovative activity, firms can improve the odds of success by pursuing multiple parallel objectives. Because innovation draws on many sources of ideas, firms also may improve their odds of successful innovation by accessing a large number of knowledge sources. In this study, we conduct one of the first firm‐level statistical analyses of the impact on innovation of breadth in both innovation objectives and knowledge sources. The empirical results suggest that broader horizons with respect to innovation objectives and knowledge sources are associated with successful innovation. We do not find diminishing returns to breadth in innovation objectives, which suggests that firms may tend to search too narrowly. We interpret these results in light of well‐known cognitive biases toward searching in relatively familiar domains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

开放式创新过程挑战管理机制

基于精益思想视角,应用探索性研究方法,探讨开放式创新过程的挑战管理机制。通过文献分析,将开放式创新过程分为3个阶段,分析了3个阶段中面临的挑战及对应的精益化管理方法,进而提出研究命题,初步构建了应对开放式创新挑战的精益化管理机制。最后,通过典型案例研究,论证了提出的研究命题和理论机制,从而为深度案例研究和实证研究奠定了基础,可为企业开放式创新管理提供参考和借鉴。