Causality in volatility and volatility spillover effects between US, Japan and four equity markets in the South China Growth Triangular

In examining co-movement across international stock markets, previous researchers usually pre-determine the direction of causation and neglect the Chinese equity markets. In this study, we examine the spillover effects of volatility among the two developed markets and four emerging markets in the South China Growth Triangular using Chueng and Ng's causality-in-variance test. Several findings deserve mention: (1) the Japanese stock market affects the US stock market and there is a feedback relationship between the Hong Kong and US stock market. (2) Markets of the SCGT are contemporaneously correlated with the return volatility of the US market. (3) Econometric models constructed according to the results of variance-in-causality tests have greater explanatory power than the conventional GARCH(1,1) model. (4) Using the return volatility of foreign exchange as a proxy for informational arrival can explain excess kurtosis of a stock return series, especially for the less open emerging market. (5) Geographic proximity and economic ties do not necessarily lead to a strong relationship in volatility across markets.     

银行体系、股票市场与固定资产投资——基于三元向量自回归模型的格兰杰因果关系检验

通过把固定资产投资、金融发展和金融结构变量设定为向量自回归模型的三个内生变量,采用格兰杰因果关系检验实证研究了金融发展、金融结构与固定资产投资的因果关系。结果表明:(1)金融发展主动刺激固定资产投资增加,而不是被动跟随投资的增加而发展;(2)仅仅是银行体系的发展具有主动刺激投资增加的功能,股票市场的发展并不具有这个功能;(3)金融结构和投资在格兰杰意义上并不存在因果关系,"金融服务观点"更适合中国金融的现实。     

中国服务业发展与外商直接投资关系的实证研究

服务业正日渐成为中国经济增长的引擎,也日益成为外商直接投资(FDI)的重点。本文主要利用20年的数据,在建立向量自回归模型以及格兰杰因果关系检验模型的基础上,对FDI与中国服务业发展的协整关系和因果关系进行了检验。得出FDI是促进中国服务业发展的因素之一,并分析了FDI对具体服务行业的选择变化,探讨其对服务业结构的影响。     

Export-led growth: a survey of the empirical literature and some non-causality results. Part 2

This paper continues the investigation of Giles and Williams (2000) on export-led growth (ELG). In the first part, we surveyed the empirical export-led growth literature; it was evident that Granger non-causality tests are commonly applied as a test for ELG. In this paper, we explore the sensitivity of the test for exclusions restrictions often used as the Granger non-causality test for ELG by reconsidering two applications: Oxley's (1993) study for Portugal and Henriques and Sadorsky's (1996) analysis for Canada. We focus on the robustness of the method adopted to deal with non-stationarity, including the choice of deterministic trend degree. We show that different noncausality outcomes are easy to obtain, and consequently we recommend that readers interpret the empirical ELG literature with care. Our analysis also highlights the importance of examining the robustness of Granger non-causality test results to avoid spurious outcomes in applications.     

Regional aviation and economic growth: cointegration and causality analysis in Australia

Air transport is a critical link to regional, rural and remote communities in Australia. Air services provide important economic and social benefits but very little research has been done on assessing the value of regional aviation. This research provides the first empirical evidence that there is short and long run causality between regional aviation and economic growth. The authors analysed 88 regional airports in Australia over a period of 1985–86 to 2010–11 to determine the catalytic impacts of regional air transport on regional economic growth. The analysis was conducted using annual data related to total airport passenger movements – for the level of airport activity, and real aggregate taxable income – to represent economic growth. A significant bi-directional relationship was established: airports have an impact on regional economic growth and the economy directly impacts regional air transport. The economic significance of regional air transport confirms the importance of the airport as infrastructure for regional councils and the need for them to maintain and develop local airports. Funding should be targeted at airports directly to support regional development.     

Causality and Causal Models: A Conceptual Perspective*

This paper aims at displaying a synthetic view of the historical development and the current research concerning causal relationships, starting from the Aristotelian doctrine of causes, following with the main philosophical streams until the middle of the twentieth century, and commenting on the present intensive research work in the statistical domain. The philosophical survey dwells upon various concepts of cause, and some attempts towards picking out spurious causes. Concerning statistical modelling, factorial models and directed acyclic graphs are examined and compared. Special attention is devoted to randomization and pseudo‐randomization (for observational studies) in view of avoiding the effect of possible confounders. An outline of the most common problems and pitfalls, encountered in modelling empirical data, closes the paper, with a warning to be very cautious in modelling and inferring conditional independence between variables.     

股票收益与交易量的动态关系研究来自不同估计方法的证据

本文采用三种面板数据方法（加总时序、混同和组平均）考察中国股票收益和交易量的动态关系，以期揭示由于系数异质性问题，建立在三种方法上的统计推断可能会产生矛盾。结果表明，混同和组平均都发现了收益和交易量间双向的格兰杰因果关系，交易量对未来收益的长期影响显著为负；这与投机泡沫理论的预示相符。而加总时序方法只能发现收益对交易量的单向引导。     

流动性过剩与银行信贷扩张关系研究

流动性过剩已成为我国经济的主要特征,由此带来的银行信贷扩张问题也越来越受到关注。在分析流动性过剩与银行信贷扩张传导机制的基础上,通过建立格兰杰因果检验方法得出流动性过剩与银行信贷的关系,并利用ADF检验、协整技术得出货币供应量与银行信贷余额并不存在长期稳定的关系。     

基于总生产函数法研究石油价格对我国GDP的动态影响

本文通过总生产函数法,将石油价格纳入宏观经济的影响因素之一,考察其对我国GDP等经济指标的影响。并构建自相关回归模型,通过参数估计、协整性检验和因果检验,定量地分析出石油价格与我国GDP等经济指标之间的长期均衡关系和短期的影响程度。     

外国直接投资与中国资本外逃关系的实证分析

基于外国直接投资与资本外逃关系的理论,采用G ranger因果关系和协整检验方法,分析了外国直接投资与中国资本外逃之间的关系。研究表明:外国直接投资与中国资本外逃之间存在着显著性很强的正相关,资本外逃引起了外国直接投资,同时,中国资本外逃与外国直接投资存在长期稳定的关系。最后据此结果,提出了相应的政策启示。