比较优势与西部开发

落后地区在实现“追赶战略”中有着潜在“比较优势”;西部欠发达地区“比较优势”难以发挥的原因是市场机制不足;西部地区走出困境、重新赢得“比较优势”的内生要求是市场充分运行。     

Health benefits of tunneling through the Chinese environmental Kuznets curve (EKC)

In this paper, we first add to what is a growing literature on the existence and nature of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model for developing countries, by testing for the existence of an EKC for China using a panel data set of city-specific, annual ambient levels of SO₂ pollution. We find some support for both the typical inverted-U-shaped relationship and an N-shaped, cubic configuration. More significantly, we then explore the possibility of China's “tunneling” through the EKC, by using newer, cleaner technologies, and thereby avoiding some of the environmental degradation that had often accompanied economic growth. Specifically, we estimate and economically value the health benefits realizable to Chinese cities from successful efforts to “tunnel” under the EKC over the next generation.     

价格歧视下四种市场类型的消费者剩余

市场按垄断程度由高到低可以分为四种类型：完全垄断市场、寡头垄断市场、垄断竞争市场和完全竞争市场。在发生二度价格歧视的情形下,这四种市场的价格歧视程度的定量结果是一个值得研究的问题。在二度价格歧视下,用微分法研究了一个垄断厂商市场情形,用博弈论方法研究了n厂商市场情形的均衡总产量,均衡价格,均衡总收益,总收益增长率,消费者剩余,厂商占有的消费者剩余率。最后把各种市场情形的上述指标归纳为统一的公式并详细分析了其性质。     

加入WTO十年的中国农产品贸易与竞争力问题研究

中国已成为世界农产品贸易大国。在农产品加入WTO十年中,由于成功地运用了两个市场,两种资源的互补性发展格局,带来了农产品贸易额不断增长的可喜局面,但另一方面,由于对外依存度越来越大,农产品国际竞争力整体不强等原因,中国农产品的未来发展仍面临种种问题,因而,制定相应政策目标和政策优化显得极为重要。     

Household responsibility system and China's agricultural Growth revisited: Addressing endogenous institutional change

The rise of the Household Responsibility System has been widely viewed as a significant contribution to China's agricultural growth. However, this empirical conclusion is rested upon a convenient but doubtful presumption that the process of institutional change, also known as decollectivization, is exogenous. We contribute to this literature by explicitly recognizing the endogeneity of institutional changes, and exploit exogenous variations in lagged weather shocks and initial fixed assets for consistent estimation. With improved data on irrigation, mechanization, weather and institutional changes in a provincial panel data during 1970–1987, the results of panel instrumental estimations reveal that the Household Responsibility System had a significantly positive effect on China's agricultural growth, which was larger than indicated by OLS estimates that suffer from adverse selection and attenuation biases.     

The Determinants Of The Adoption Of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

The paper investigates empirically the decision of firms to adopt ‘Advanced Manufacturing Technologies’ (AMT) based on a comprehensive specification of a ‘rank model’ of technology adoption using firm-level data for Swiss manufacturing. The explanatory variables include numerous dimensions of (anticipated) benefits from and costs of technology adoption allowing for uncertainty as well as for information and adjustment costs. Moreover, the effect of complementarities between various functional groups of AMT (design, fabrication, communication, etc.) as well as of learning from the use of previous technology vintages within such functional groups is analyzed, Finally, the size-dependence of the adoption decision is studied in detail. The model yields a quite robust pattern of explanation across estimates with different adoption variables (time period of introduction of AMT, intensity of use of AMT, etc.) with plausible differences of the results based on the alternative adoption measures used.     

农户贷款证券化：结构设计与信用增级

农户贷款证券化为农户贷款经营机构健康持续从事农户信贷提供了一种可行的资本补充与风险管理工具,从传统的资产证券化结构设计看,农户贷款特质决定了它基于不脱离发起人信用的参与式交易结构,并需要通过独立于贷款本身的增级方式——通常是多种方式的组合——来增强债券保障程度,其中,政府机构可以通过提供低成本外部增级扶持和改善发起人的农户贷款经营行为。     

中国垃圾处理产业发展的态势分析法分析

随着人们的生活水平日益提高,物质消费需求得到极大地满足,为大量垃圾的产生提供了条件。目前,中国的垃圾累计堆存量已超过60亿吨,每年还在以接近10%的速度增加。文章运用态势分析法(SWOT分析法),分析了中国垃圾处理产业化发展的前景。文章认为,中国的垃圾处理产业具有潜力大、前景广、政府支持的优势;在发展过程中会面临资金短缺、技术薄弱以及企业数量少质量差的困境;中国实施的可持续发展战略以及近几年的能源和资源价格的上涨,为垃圾处理产业的发展提供了机会;人们处理垃圾的习惯、对待垃圾资源制成品的态度和国外垃圾处理企业在中国市场的竞争制约着垃圾处理产业的发展。在此基础上,对垃圾处理企业、政府和公众提出几点建议:(1)垃圾处理企业要抓住有利机会加快发展;(2)垃圾处理产业的发展除垃圾处理企业自身的努力外,还需要政府和公众的积极参与;(3)在开发利用丰富的垃圾资源的过程中要做好环保工作。     

国内学界“全球公域”研究综述

随着全球化的纵深发展,全球公域开始成为学界新的研究热点。美国是新一轮全球公域研究的源地,而我国的全球公域研究仍处于起步阶段,但已经在环境和法律维度及战略和安全维度取得不少有益的成果。本文着重对国内学术界在全球公域问题的研究进行回顾和梳理,在此基础上总结已有研究的特点,提出简要评价和展望,以期推动该领域研究的深化和不断发展。     

世界遗产视野中的中国传统工业遗产

我国有着十分丰富的传统工业遗产资源,在许多古代文献与现代研究已有著述。在已经公布的六批总计2358项全国重点文物保护单位中,共有工业遗产171项,其中古代传统工业遗产计为14类149项,体现出我国政府对传统工业遗产的保护力度。但在我国(物质)文化遗产暨工业遗产研究领域,从世界遗产的视野对传统工业遗产的研究,与国际同一研究领域相比,还存在着较大的差距。文章运用地理学的观念与方法,阐述了中国传统工业遗产研究的背景与意义、保护现状以及研究展望,为今后的工业遗产保护提供参考。