Quota prices as indicators of comparative advantage in supply‐managed industries

The Canadian dairy, egg, broiler, and turkey industries operate under supply management, a policy regime that sets product prices and allocates production among provinces and ultimately among farms through quotas. The Canadian Farm Products Agencies Act requires that comparative advantage be used to guide the allocation of new quota when increases in consumer demand necessitate increased production. This requirement, however, has not been met in practice. We develop a proposal by Meilke to use quota prices as measures of comparative advantage. We evaluate the quota price approach and other proposed methods, from a Hayekian and Coasean market process perspective. We conclude that quota prices offer an economically justifiable indicator of provincial comparative advantage. We develop an individual‐level general equilibrium model of quota exchange to illustrate the informational content of quota prices as indicators of comparative advantage. We also discuss potential practical challenges of using quota prices as indicators of comparative advantage.     

Do the EU countries import at the same price? The case of coffee

The establishment of the Economic and Monetary Union was expected to determine price convergence in the market of the European Union, leading to the equilibrium theorized by the law of one price. This article investigates prices convergence in the coffee market among European importers. Coffee is not only a tradable and traded good, but also one of the most valuable traded commodities. We account for different qualities of coffee in a hedonic regression model, which isolate and remove the effects of factors that might affect price dispersion. Adjusted import prices result to be significantly different between European Member States, and do not support the hypothesis of a deepening European market integration.     

黑龙江省大豆比较优势分析

黑龙江省是世界大豆的原产地,中国大豆的主产区。加入世界贸易组织后,在国外转基因大豆的冲击和跨国粮商的操控下,大豆已经由黑龙江省的比较优势产品转化为比较劣势产品。要振兴大豆产业,必需采取多项措施提升非转基因大豆和大豆加工企业的竞争力。     

中国省际专利竞争力比较研究

本文将专利竞争力划分为现实竞争力与潜在竞争力两个层次,从专利拥有、运营、保护、服务、投入、创造和管理七个方面构建专利竞争力指数,对中国省际专利竞争力进行测算,结果显示,中国现阶段区域专利竞争力总体水平不高,而且省际之间差距很大。本文将所选取的31个省、直辖市、自治区的专利竞争力划分为三类：第一类为现实竞争力和潜在竞争力均高于国内平均水平的地区,此类地区可通过打造服务助力型政府、激励企业丰富专利拥有和专利运用方式来提升专利竞争力;第二类为专利现实竞争力不强,但有较强的潜在竞争力的地区,此类地区的政府在培育专利竞争力方面应定位于规划、布局和引导,企业则应转变观念,树立专利是市场竞争有效武器的观念;第三类为专利现实竞争力和潜在竞争力均很弱的地区,此类地区需要主导推动型的政府来推动地区专利竞争力的提升。     

法的规范性与现代企业

本文着重从法与现代企业关系角度 ,论述了法的规范性对企业生产经营行为 ,以及保障企业和社会、公民的经济利益等方面的约束及保护。全文共分五个部分 ,分别对公司法、合同法、产品质量法、商标法和反不正当竞争法在企业发展中的规范作用 ,从不同角度进行了阐述。     

SA8000标准的法律渊源研究

我国法学界对SA8000标准的研究焦点主要是如何在此标准的基点上完善我国的劳动法制,而对SA8000标准的法律渊源研究未形成系统的理论。传统法理学说认为法律渊源有二分法和三分法之说,其共同点在于学界比较一致的认为法律渊源较多的是指法的效力渊源。从法的效力渊源角度对SA8000标准的法律渊源进行考察,归纳出SA8000标准的直接法律渊源与间接法律渊源,从而对SA8000标准的法律渊源研究形成系统的理论。     

上海合作组织框架内中国国际贸易竞争力实证分析

在经济全球化和一体化趋势下,上海合作组织的经济功能显得日益重要。基于上海合作组织这一强大的平台,中国与中亚国家的双边贸易日益增强,但竞争力依然有限。本文借助市场占有率指数和贸易竞争力优势指数（trade competitiveness,TC）等分析工具,对1996年以来中国与俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦三国贸易数据进行了定量分析,并衡量了中国与这三国不同产业的产业内贸易程度、比较优势和国际竞争力,得出中国的劳动密集型产业具有较强的优势,应进一步加强与中亚国家的能源开发与合作。     

农地养护法律制度研究

本文旨在通过研究农地养护的法律制度,为维护和改善我国农地质量、确保粮食安全提供强有力的法制保障。主要运用实证研究方法和规范研究方法。研究认为法律制度对农地质量保护有着重要意义,但我国关于农地养护的现行立法在组织制度、经济激励制度、法律责任制度等方面还存在一些许多问题,影响了我国农地养护的实施效果。文章认为应进一步加强对相关制度的研究并提出了一些立法完善的思路。     

Law and credit constraints in transition economies1

Using a survey of over 4,000 firms in 21 transition economies, this paper investigates how legal extensiveness (law on the books) and legal effectiveness (law in practice) affect availability of bank finance. Our findings suggest that both law on the books and law in practice are important, but that they impact firms of different sizes differently. Small firms appear to be the most credit constrained in countries with weak creditor rights and with weak contract enforcement, while large firms are the most credit constrained in countries with weak courts and unclear and inconsistent laws pertaining to firms’ business operations.     

States and economic growth: Capacity and constraints

State capacity has become one of the most discussed concepts in development economics and political economy. In this survey we argue that the study of economic history provides vital insights into the process through which modern states have acquired ‘state capacity’. By evaluating the process of state building across a range of different countries in Europe and Asia, we are able to ‘decompress’ the relationship between state capacity and economic growth. Our analysis emphasizes the variegated nature of the state building process. We focus on recent research that helps to elucidate the mechanisms that relate state capacity to economic growth.