中美贸易背后的利益分析

文章首先介绍了中美贸易的不平衡发展，然后重点分析了在中美贸易中的贸易利益流向和对双方的经济影响，进而找到解决此问题的积极可行的对策。     

我国粮食对外贸易中的一个“悖论”及其成因探析

按照比较优势理论,我国应净进口粮食这一土地密集型产品。但本文在实证分析后却发现,1997年以来我国已经成为粮食产品的净出口国。粮食产品较低的“可贸易度”制约了市场机制及比较优势作用的发挥。但从中长期来看,粮食产品的“可贸易度”会呈上升态势,发挥国内外“两个市场”的作用对增强我国粮食安全保障具有重要意义。     

Fiscal transfers for biodiversity conservation: The Portuguese Local Finances Law

Biodiversity loss is a serious and ongoing global environmental problem. Economic instruments in biodiversity policies can contribute towards reconciling the conservation costs encountered at local level with the benefits of biodiversity conservation at higher levels of governance, from regional and national levels up to the global level. This paper outlines the theoretical foundations of fiscal transfers in conservation policies and also offers a concise account of existing international experience and future prospects. The recently amended Portuguese Local Finances Law (LFL) of 2007, with its groundbreaking new article on the promotion of local sustainability, is analysed in terms of the significance of fiscal transfers for municipal budgets. It is compared with its predecessor law, highlighting changes in fiscal revenues for selected municipalities in the country in relation to their designated conservation areas. The analysis shows that these ecological fiscal transfers can be significant for those municipalities with a large proportion of land under protected status. However, because it also introduces a considerable number of changes to the Portuguese fiscal transfer scheme, the ecological impact of the new LFL is difficult to grasp due to the presence of several crossover effects. The results obtained offer significant insights both for improving the Portuguese LFL and for designing new ecological fiscal transfer schemes.     

Human resources in Sino-foreign joint ventures: selected case studies in Shanghai,compared with Beijing

This article examines HRM in joint ventures (JVs) in Shanghai compared with those in Beijing using a case-study approach. It focuses primarily on issues relating to labour contracts, rewards and benefits, social insurance, trade unions and personnel policies, and describes current developments in China in each of these areas. In order to place these JV human resource practices in context, we also draw on interviews in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Shanghai and Beijing. Taking as a starting point a summary of traditional SOE 'iron rice-bowl' ( tie fan wan ) practices in the management of personnel, we ask to what extent HRM in the present JV sample differs from traditional methods and to what extent 'iron rice-bowl' practices continue despite foreign ownership. The extent to which HR practices in JVs are distinct from those in contemporary SOEs is also examined. We conclude that, although, as one would expect, foreign ownership has modified traditional practice, the degree and extent to which this is true varies widely. There is strong evidence of institutional and organizational continuity in 'iron rice-bowl' practices in both JVs and SOEs. Finally we propose a framework for categorizing the companies investigated in terms of their distance from traditional 'iron rice-bowl' HR practices and proximity to 'imported' practices. This consists of two 'pure' and two hybrid categories: pure 'iron rice-bowl'; hybrid I (predominantly local); hybrid II (predominantly imported): and, finally, pure imported. In this schema, the companies examined do not however group neatly according to whether they are JVs or SOEs.     

International Competitiveness: A Case Study of American,Swedish, and Ukrainian Forest Industries

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this article are to assess changes in the international competitiveness of the forest products industries in three countries (Sweden, the US, and Ukraine) during the years preceding, during, and after the recent economic crisis. To deepen the exploration of the three countries’ competitiveness, we propose a Cross-Country Relative Competitiveness Index. The results show that comprehensive measurement of comparative and competitive advantages is essential for determining why a given industry in a given country is doing well or badly. They also provide broad background information for subsequent, more detailed explorations of important changes and trends.     

无固定期限劳动合同的一个疑难问题研究

《劳动合同法》把“连续两次订立固定期限劳动合同,续订劳动合同的”作为劳动者要求与用人单位签订无固定期限劳动合同的条件之一,学者对此多有误读,必须予以纠正;此项法律规定本身也不完善,建议修改为“连续三次订立固定期限劳动合同的”。     

新破产法中管理人制度的缺失与完善

新破产法首次确立了职业化、市场化的管理人制度。新制度的引入实施具有重大的意义,但同时也存在着诸多不足之处,突出表现在管理人选任制度不完善、没有得到充分的监督、相应的民事责任不明确等三个方面。结合司法实践中出现的一些问题,新破产法只有建立和完善管理人选任的双轨制,建立和健全管理人的监督机制,并完善管理人民事责任的相关规定,才能真正发挥破产法对社会主义市场经济的保障和促进作用。     

从萨伊定律到供给学派:生态技术创新推力演绎

目前,传统技术创新的负面作用逐步显现,并制约着我国经济的可持续发展。通过改变技术发展方向,实行生态技术创新,旨在弥补资源和资本上的不足,协调社会、经济、自然发展的关系,最终实现包容性增长。不论是萨伊定律还是供给学派,其理论对生态技术创新都具有指导和推力作用,促使其从微观到宏观、从企业层面到国家层面演绎。     

《婚姻法解释（三）》中财产纠纷法律问题研究

《婚姻法解释（三）》的出台，为解决婚姻财产纠纷提供了具体的操作标准，具有重要意义。但其也带来了新的争议和矛盾，尤其对于父母赠与房产的归属与婚姻财产制冲突引发的不公、婚前买房婚后共同还贷的补偿规定等问题，无论理论与实践都存在较大争议。针对这些问题，引入公证机制对赠与财产进行确权，建立公平可行的可选择性增值补偿机制，以贡献度为标准科学界定婚后收益的归属．以进一步完善夫妻财产分配制度。